Montana

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Montana

This jurisdictional hub aggregates FRC holdings related to Montana. It supports research on the state’s firearms history, technology, law, policy, and culture from the territorial period through statehood to the present.

Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative rules, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and select municipal ordinances.
Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, frontier, mining, ranching, and railroad records, and oral histories tied to Montana people and places.
Research outputs: technical reports, academic studies, training manuals, and curated datasets relevant to the state.

Cite the Firearms Research Center and the item’s handle/DOI when using materials. Rights and licensing vary by item.

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Mont. Const. of 1889 art. III, § 13
(1889)
The right of any person to keep or bear arms in defense of his own home, person, and property, or in aid of the civil power when thereto legally summoned, shall not be called in question, but nothing herein contained shall be held to permit the carrying of concealed weapons
1888 Terr. of Mont. Comp. Stat. 513.
(1888)
Ch. 4, § 66: It shall be unlawful for any person within the limits of any city, town or village in this territory, to bear concealed upon his person any dirk, dagger, pistol, revolver, or other deadly weapon.
Ordinance no. 2: An Ordinance Relating to Concealed Weapons, in THE ENTERPRISE, Oct. 20, 1909 at 1, § 1
(1909)
No person in this town shall wear under his clothes or concealed on or about his person, any pistol or revolver, except by special permission from the Mayor; nor shall any person wear under his clothes or concealed on or about his person, any slungshot, cross-knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or any bowie knife, razor, billy, dirk , dirk-knife or dagger, or any knife resembling a bowie-knife, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.
1864 Terr. of Mont. Acts 355
(1865)
§ 1 [Deadly weapons]: Prohibited the concealed carry of any pistol, Bowie-knife, dagger, or other deadly weapon. Violators fined not less than twenty-five but no more than one hundred dollars.
1864 Terr. of Mont. Acts 182
(1864)
§ 35: Prohibited dueling and killing a person with a rifle, shotgun, pistol, Bowie knife, dirk, small sword, backsword, or other dangerous weapon. Violators guilty of murder in the first degree.
Ordinance No. 30: Concealed Weapons, in RED LODGE PICKET, Sep. 12, 1893, at 3
(1893)
It shall be unlawful after the passage of this ordinance for any person, within the limits of this town, to carry concealed on his person or under his clothes any pistol or revolver, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, except by permission from the Mayor in writing, which permit shall state the period of time for which it is granted
1887 Terr. of Mont. Comp. Stat. 549
(1887)
Criminal Laws, ch. 10, § 174: Prohibited the carrying of a any pistol, gun, knife, dirk-knife, bludgeon, or other offensive weapon with the intent to assault a person. Punishable by fine up to $100 or imprisonment up to 3 months.
1879 Terr. of Mont. Laws 359
(1879)
Ch. 4, § 23: Prohibited dueling and killing a person involved with a rifle, shot-gun, pistol, Bowie knife, dirk, small-sword, back-sword, or other dangerous weapon. Punishable by death by hanging.
1872 Terr. of Mont. Laws 279
(1872)
Ch. 4, § 59: If any person shall assault and beat another with a cowhide, stick, or whip, having at the time in his possession a pistol or other deadly weapon, with an attempt to intimidate and prevent the person assaulted from defending himself, such person shall, on conviction thereof, be imprisoned in the territorial prison not less than one nor more than ten years.
1887 Terr. of Mont. Laws 68
(1887)
Extraordinary Session, An Act to Amend an Act Entitled An Act Concerning the Storage of Gunpowder, § 2: No person, company, or corporation shall store, deposit or keep within the limits of any city, town or village, gunpowder, nitroglycerine, guncotton, dynamite, and other dangerous or powerful explosives exceeding fifty pounds, and no magazine or storehouse where such explosives are stored or kept, shall hereafter be located nearer than one-half mile from such city, town or village
1872 Terr. of Mont. Laws 562
(1872)
Ch. 63, § 1: It shall be the duty of any keeper of the arsenal, military stores, ammunition, arms and ordnance belonging to this territory . . . to report to the governor in writing the amount of such military stores and ammunition, and a list and description of such arms and ordinance in his possession and within his knowledge
1885 Terr. of Mont. Laws 74-75
(1885)
Deadly Weapons, An Act to Amend § 62 of Chapter IV of the Fourth Division of the Revised Statutes, § 1: Prohibited possessing, carrying, or purchasing a dirk, dirk-knife, sword, sword cane, pistol, gun, or other deadly weapon, and from using the weapon in a threatening manner or in a fight. Punishable by fine of $10-100 and/or imprisonment for 1-3 months.
1874 Terr. of Mont. Laws 46
(1873)
An Act to Prevent Parties from Shooting within the Limits of Towns and Private Enclosures, § 1: That it shall be unlawful for any person to fire any gun, pistol or any fire-arm, of whatever description, within the limits of any town, city, or village in this territory, or within the limits of any private enclosure which shall contain a dwelling house.
1864 Terr. of Mont. Laws 355
(1864)
An Act to Prevent the Carrying of Concealed Deadly Weapons in the Cities and Towns of This Territory, § 1: Prohibited the carrying of a concealed "any pistol, bowie -knife, dagger, or other deadly weapon" within any town or village in the territory. Punishable by fine of $25-100.
Ordinance no. 22, § 1: An Ordinance Relating to Concealed Weapons and Providing Penalty for Carrying Same, in THE HARLOWTON NEWS, Jun. 18, 1909, at 3
(1909)
No person in the town of Harlowton shall wear under his or her clothes or concealed on or about their person, any pistol or revolver, except by special permission from the Mayor; nor shall any person wear under his or her clothes or concealed on or about their person, any slingshot, cross knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or any bowie-knife, razor, billy, dirk, dirk-knife or daggor, or any knife resembling a bowie-knife, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon
The Complete Codes and Statutes of the State of Montana 1084, § 759 (1895)
(1895)
Pt. 1, tit. 11, § 759: Every person who brings into this state an armed person or armed body of men for the preservation of the peace or the suppression of domestic violence, except at the solicitation and by the permission of the legislative assembly or of the governor, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding ten years and by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars.
1918 Mont. Laws 6-7, 9
(1918)
ch. 2, §§ 1, 3, 8: Within thirty days from the passage and approval of this Act, every person within the State of Montana, who owns or has in his possession any fire arms or weapons shall make a full, true, and complete verified report upon the form hereinafter provided to the sheriff of the County in which such person lives, of all fire arms and weapons which are owned or possessed by him or her or are in his or her control, and on sale or transfer into the possession of any other person such person shall immediately forward to the sheriff of the County in which such person lives the name and address of that purchaser and person into whose possession or control such fire arm or weapon was delivered. § 3. Any person signing a fictitious name or address or giving any false information in such report shall be guilty of misdemeanor, and any person failing to file such report as in this Act provided, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. § 8. For the purpose of this Act a fire arm or weapon shall be deemed to be any revolver, pistol, shot gun, rifle, dirk, dagger, or sword.
1913 Mont. Laws 53
(1913)
An Act to Provide that Aliens Shall Pay a Gun License, and Providing a Penalty for Failure to Obtain License; to Provide for and Regulate the Duties of the Game and Fish Warden and His Deputies, and to Provide for the Disposition of the Fines so Collected, ch. 38, § 1: Required noncitizens to obtain a license (costing $25) from the Game and Fish Warden before possessing a firearm; license valid for one year; provision does not apply to: (1) individuals who have purchased hunting license; (2) state residents owning at least 160 acres of land; (3) settlers on public land beginning to acquire land under federal law; or (4) persons engaged in tending or herding sheep or other animals.
Anaconda, Mont., Ordinances ch. 22, §§ 526-534 (1905)
(1905)
Concealed Weapons: It shall be unlawful for any person within the limits of the City of Anaconda to carry or wear under his clothes or concealed about his person, any pistol, revolver, slung-shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, bowie knife, dirk knife or dirk, razor or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon. Also provided licensure requirements and other information regarding concealed carry
Helena, Mont., Ordinances no. 4, § 1 (1883)
(1883)
Concealed Weapons: No person shall in this city wear under his clothes, or concealed on or about his person, any pistol or revolver, except by special permission from the mayor; nor shall any person wear under his clothes, or concealed on or about his person, any slung shot, cross knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or any bowie knife, razor, billy, dirk, dirk-knife or dagger, or any knife resembling a bowie knife, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.
1917 Mont. Laws 179-80
(1917)
Ch. 109, § 2: It shall be unlawful for any person at any time to hunt, trap, kill, capture, chase or molest any game animals or game birds whatever within the limits of said game preserve, or to discharge any firearms or to create any unusual disturbance tending to frighten or drive away any game animals or any game birds within said preserve;
1903 Mont. Laws 135-36
(1903)
An Act to Amend Section 908 of Chapter I Title VIII Part IV Division I of the Civil Code of Montana, and to Repeal Section 689 of the Penal Code, ch. 66, § 1: If any railroad corporation within this State shall . . . transport within this State on any of its passenger cars, any oil of vitrol, gun powder, Lucifer matches, nitro glycerine, glynon oil, nytroleum or blasting oil, or nitrates oil, or powder mixed with any such oil, or fiber saturated therewith, or duolin or giant powder, or blasting powder, or any other goods in a dangerous nature . . . shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
1903 Mont. Laws 49
(1903)
Ch. 35, § 3: Prohibited entering any church, religious assembly, school room, or other place where persons are assembled for amusement or for educational or scientific purposes, or into any circus, show, or public exhibition of any kind, or into a ball room, social party, or social gathering, or to any election precinct or any place of registration, on the day or days of any election or registration, where people of the State are collected to register or vote on any election. Prohibited weapons included pistol, other firearms, dirk, dagger, slung shot, sword cane, knuckles, or Bowie knife. Violators punished by not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars.
The Complete Codes and Statutes of the State of Montana 1084, § 758 (1895)
(1895)
Pt. 1, tit. 11, § 758: Every person who within the limits of any city or town carries or bears concealed about his person a dirk, dagger, pistol, revolver, or other deadly weapon is punishable by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars. This Section does not apply to peace officers in discharge of their official duty.
1907 Mont. Laws 260
(1907)
Ch. 107, § 1: Any person who enters a building belonging to another with intent to commit a felony or other crime by the use of nitro glycerine, dynamite, gun powder or other high explosives or who commits a burglary by the use of such explosives is guilty of burglary with explosives. § 2 Burglary with explosives is punishable by imprisonment in State Prison for not less than fifteen years, and not more than forty years.

Montana

Montana

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