FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, 3 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 13 (1823)(1684)"every trooper of the respective colonies of this country, shall furnish and supply himself with a good able horse, saddle, and all arms and furniture, fitt and compleat for a trooper, and that every foot soldier, shall furnish himselfe, with a sword, musquet and other furniture fitt for a soldier, and that each trooper and foot soldier, be provided with two pounds of powder, and eight pounds of shott, and shall continually keep their armes well fixt, cleane, and fitt for the king's service."Item type:Item, 1 The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution 231-32 (1896)(1691)Lowered the minimum militia age, so that "noe person whatsoever from fiftieen to Sixty years of Age remaine unlisted." For every foot soldier, "a well fixed muskett or fuzee" for officers, "a good pike or Sword or lance and pistoll." At home, every foot soldier was to have "one pound of good powder and three pound of Sizeable bulletts," and every Trooper (horseman) had to "have at his usuall place of abode a well fixed Carabine with belt and Swivell and two pounds of fine powder with Six pounds of Sizeable bulletts."Item type:Item, 1 The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution 161 (1896)(1684)Ensured that persons exempted from the militia still kept the militia arms in their homes.Item type:Item, 1699 N.H. Laws ch. 1: An Act for Restraining and Punishing Privateers and Pirates: Penalty for Nonappearance in Armes, in 1 Laws of New Hampshire: Province Period 656 (1904)(1699)"And all and every person and persons that upon orders given him or them shall refuse to repair immediately with his or their Arms well fixed and Ammunition, to such place or places as shall be appointed by the said Officer, and not readily obey his Command in the premises, shall be Imprisoned without Bail or Mainprize, until the next General Session of the Peace within the same County, and by the Justices of the same Court fined, not exceeding Ten Pounds, or be corporally punished, not exceeding Ten Stripes, at the direction of the Justices."Item type:Item, 3 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 13 (1823)(1684)"every trooper of the respective colonies of this country, shall furnish and supply himself with a good able horse, saddle, and all arms and furniture, fitt and compleat for a trooper, and that every foot soldier, shall furnish himselfe, with a sword, musquet and other furniture fitt for a soldier, and that each trooper and foot soldier, be provided with two pounds of powder, and eight pounds of shott, and shall continually keep their armes well fixt, cleane, and fitt for the king's service."Item type:Item, 1 Laws of New Hampshire: Province Period 537 (Albert Stillman Batchellor ed., 1904)(1692)Changed the militia from all "persons" over sixteen to all males over 16. For arms, everyone had to be "well provided w'th a well fixed gun or fuse," plus "Sword or hatchet." Along with the typical colonial requirements for gunpowder and bullets, a knapsack, a cartridge box, a powder horn, and flints. Further, "every Soldier Shall have at his habitation & abode one pound of good pouder & twenty Sizable bullets."Item type:Item, 1 Laws of New Hampshire: Province Period 221-22 (Albert Stillman Batchellor ed., 1904)(1687)Demanded "that no person whatsoever above Sixteene yeares of age remaine unlisted." Equipment was "a well fixed musket" with a barrel at least three feet. The caliber was large: "the bore for a bullett of twelve to the pound." Also necessary were bandoliers and a cartridge box, plus bullets and powder. Officers had the option of allowing their men to have "a good pike and sword" instead of the musket. As for horsemen, "every soldier belonging to the horse" had to bring "a good serviceable horse covered with a good saddle with holsters breastplate and crupper a case of good pistolls and sword and halfe a pound of powder and twenty sizable bulletts . . . And every trooper have at his usuall place of abode a well fixed Carabine with belt and swivel.Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 481 (1823) (enacted 1680)(1680)An act for preventing Negroes Insurrections: "No negro, or enacted by the kings most excellent majestie by and with other slave to the consent of the generall assembly, and it is hereby carry arms, of enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after fensive: the publication of this law, it shall not be lawfull for any negroe or other slave to carry or arme himselfe with any club, staffe, gunn, sword or any other weapon of defence or offence..."Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 226 (1823) (enacted 1680)(1680)"ALL persons except negroes to be provided with arms and amunition or be fined at pleasure of the Governor and Council."Item type:Item, 1 Acts of Assembly, Passed in the Colony of Virginia, From 1662 to 1715, at 147 (1727)(1684)Prohibited impressing or taking from any person arms "that are already provided, or shall so provide or furnish himself; neither shall the same be liable to be taken by any Distress, Seizure, Attachment, or Execution?"?"Item type:Item, 1 Acts of Assembly, Passed in the Colony of Virginia, From 1662 to 1715, at 147 (1727)(1684)Required free Virginians to "provide and furnish themselves with a sword, musquet and other furniture fitt for a soldier? two pounds of powder, and eight pounds of shott?.Item type:Item, The Documentary History Of The State Of New York 222-223 (1849)(1690)Prohibited the discharge of pistols and firearms in AlbanyItem type:Item, The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution 40-41 (1894)(1680)Prohibited the giving or selling to, or bartering with, "any Indian," or repairing guns and ammunition of "any Indian," punishable by fine.Item type:Item, 1692 Mass. Acts 11-12(1692)Prohibited riding or going armed offensively to cause fear or affray of the people.Item type:Item, 1693 Mass. Acts 48(1693)An Act for Regulating of the Militia, ch. 3, §§ 1, 5: That all male persons from sixteen years of age to sixty, (other than such as are herein after excepted), shall bear arms, and duly attend all musters and military exercises of the respective troops and companies where they are listed . . . § 5 That every listed solider and other householder (except troopers) shall be always provided with a well fixed firelock musket, or musket or bastard musket bore . . .Item type:Item, 1694 Mass. Acts 12(1694)No. 6, An Act for the Punishing of Criminal Offenders: Further it is Enacted by the authority aforesaid, That every Justice of the Peace in the County where the Offence is committed , may cause to be staid and arrested all Affrayers, Rioters, Disturbers, or Breakers of the Peace, and such as shall ride or go armed Offensively before any of their Majesties Justices, or other Their Officers or Ministers doing their Office or elsewhere.Item type:Item, The Acts And Resolves, Public And Private, of The Province Of The Massachusetts Bay 268 (1869)(1697)§ 3: That no person or persons whatsoever, in any town or garrison, shall presume to discharge or shoot off any gun or guns after the shutting in of the daylight in the evening, or before daylight in the morning, unless in case of alarm, approach of the enemy, or other necessary defense, on pain that every person so offending, and being thereof convicted before one or more of his majestie's justices of the peace, shall forfeit and pay the sum of ten shillings, one moiety thereof to and for the use of the poor of the town where the offence is committed, and the other moiety to him or them that shall inform or prosecute for the same. And in case such offender shall not have wherewith to answer the said fine, or shall refuse or neglect to pay the same, then to be set in the stocks, not exceeding two hours' time: provided, that this act shall remain and continue in force during the present war, and no longer.Item type:Item, The Fundamental Constitutions for the Province of East New Jersey in America (1683)(1683)Art. VII: Provided the state with the authority to arm and defend its forts,, castles, cities, and other places of defense. Also regulated the possession of firearms by citizensItem type:Item, English Bill of Rights of 1689, 1 W. & M, c. 2,§ 6(1689)Provided a right for Protestants to have "Arms for their Defense . . . as allowed by law."Item type:Item, English Bill of Rights of 1689, 1 W. & M. c. 2,§ 7(1689)Provided a right for Protestants to have "Arms for their Defense . . . as allowed by law."Item type:Item, 2 Aaron Leaming & Jacob Spicer, The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New Jersey 289-90 (1881)(1686)Ch. 9 An Act Against Wearing Swords, &c.: Prohibited the carrying "privately" of any pocket pistol, skeines, stilettoes, daggers or dirks, or other unusual or unlawful weapons by planters. Punishable by fine of five pounds for first conviction, and punishable by imprisonment for six months and a fine of ten pounds.Item type:Item, An Act for the Better Securing the Government by Disarming Papists and Reputed Papists, 1 W. & M., Sess. 1, ch. 15 (1688)(1689)An Act for the Better Securing the Government by Disarming Papists and Reputed Papists: Prohibition on Catholics from possessing firearms and ammunition unless an oath renouncing their faith was taken.Item type:Item, 1 W. & M., Sess. 1, ch. 15; see also 4 Commentaries on the Laws of England 55 (1769)(1689)An Act for the Better Securing the Government by Disarming Papists and Reputed Papists: An Act for the Better Securing the Government by Disarming Papists and Reputed Papists: Prohibition on Catholics from possessing firearms and ammunition unless an oath renouncing their faith was taken. Catholics who did not attend Church of England services could not keep arms within their home. Used by the Court to define "keeping arms" as outside of militia service.Item type:Item, 2 Aaron Leaming & Jacob Spicer, The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New Jersey 341-42 (1881)(1694)Ch 2, An Act concerning Slaves, &c.: Prohibited any slave from being permitted to carry any gun or pistol into the woods or plantations unless their owner accompanied them.