FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
Questions
For questions about coverage, rights, or submissions, contact the Firearms Research Center (firearmsresearchcenter.org).
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Item type:Item, 1827 N.H. Laws 231-32(1827)Required local tax collectors to collect assessed taxes, and provide advance notice before seizing property for nonpayment, and authorized distraint and public auction of a delinquent taxpayer’s goods after specified notice periods and procedures if taxes remain unpaid.Item type:Item, 2 Albert G. Hodges, A Digest of the Statute Laws of Kentucky 1301 (1834)(1828)Criminalized the nonfatal wounding of another with a deadly weapon in a sudden affray or heat of passion.Item type:Item, 2 Albert G. Hodges, A Digest of the Statute Laws of Kentucky 1472 (1834)(1829)§ 5 prohibited enslaved persons and other minorities from possessing firearms, subject to seizure. § 6 provided an exception for housekeepers and licensed individuals.Item type:Item, Mo. Const. of 1820 art. XIII, § 3(1820)Declared that the right of the People to bear arms in defence of themselves and of the state shall not be questioned.Item type:Item, Item type:Item, University of Virginia Board of Visitors Minutes 6-7 (Oct. 4-5, 1824)(1824)Banned students from keeping or using weapons or arms of any kind or gunpowder on campus.Item type:Item, An Ordinance, for the Government of the Powder Magazine of this City, and for other purposes (1828)(1828)That no person or persons within the City of Richmond, shall retain in his, her or their possession at any time, more than twenty-five pounds of Powder.Item type:Item, Charter and Revised Laws of Alexandria § 23 (1821)(1821)An Act Reducing into One and Amending the Several Acts Respecting the Removal of Nuisances, § 23: That no person shall discharge any musket, fowling piece, pistol, or other fire arms, or any composition of gun powder, or fulminating powder, within the limits of the town of Alexandria, unless in the execution of some law, or in the discharge of some duty imposed by law. Every person ofiending herein, shall forfeit and pay one dollar for each offence."Item type:Item, 1836 Tenn. Comp. Stat. 673(1821)Shooting, 1821—Chapter 68, § 1: [A]ny person or persons who shall after the first of January next, shoot at a mark within the bounds of any town, or within two hundred yards of any public road of the first or second class within the state, such person or persons so offending shall be subject to a fine of ten dollars each[.]Item type:Item, 1836 Tenn. Comp. Stat. 100(1825)Arms, 1825—Chapter 19, § 1: When any sheriff, coroner, or constable, shall know of his own knowledge, or upon the representation of any person, or if he or they, shall have good reason to suspect, any person of being armed with the intention of committing a riot or affray, or the wounding or killing any person, it shall be the duty of all such officers, immediately to arrest all such persons so suspected, and return them before some justice of the peace, whose duty it shall be, upon proof being made, that there was reasonable ground to suspect such person or persons for being armed, with intent to disturb or commit a breach of the peace, to bind such person or persons in a bond with two or more good and sufficient securities, in a sum of not less than two hundred and fifty dollars, and not exceeding two thousand dollars, conditioned for his or their good behavior and peaceable deportment for the term of twelve months thereafterItem type:Item, 1825 Tenn. Priv. Acts 306(1825)An Act to Amend an Act Passed at Murfreesboro, October 20, 1821, Incorporating Winchester and Reynoldsburgh, ch. 292 § 3: That said mayor and aldermen may, and shall, have power and authority to make any rules and laws regulating the police of said town and the inhabitants thereof, to restrain and punish drinking, gaming, fighting, breaking the sabbath, shooting and carrying guns, and enact penalties and enforce the same, so that they do not conflict or violate the constitution of this State, and are consistent with the laws of this state.Item type:Item, 1836 Tenn. Comp. Stat. 100(1821)Arms, 1821—Chapter 13, § 1: Every person so degrading himself by carrying a dirk, sword cane, Spanish stiletto, belt or pocket pistols, either public or private, shall pay a fine of five dollars for every such offence, which may be recovered by warrant before any justice of the peace, in the name of the county for its use, in which the offence may have been committed; and it shall be the duty of a justice to issue a warrant on the application, on oath, of any person applying; and it shall be the duty of every judge, justice of the peace, sheriff, coroner, and constable within this state, to see that this act shall have its full effect: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall affect any person that may be on a journey to any place out of his county or state.Item type:Item, 1821 Tenn. Pub. Acts 63(1821)An Act to Amend the Militia Laws of This State, ch. 55, §§ 2-3: § 2. [T]he commissioned and staff officers of the infantry are hereby required to meet at the place of holding their battalion musters at eleven o'clock on the day preceding said muster, armed with a rifle, musket, or shot gun and dressed in the uniform prescribed by law, for the purpose of being trained as at regimental drills, and the commanding or senior officer present shall call, or cause the roll to be called, and make a return of all delinquents to the next regimental or battalion court martial. § 3. That regimental courts martial shall have power to fine delinquents, field or staff officers, and it shall be the duty of the commanding or senior officer present at any regimental, battalion or drill muster, to make a return of all such delinquents to the next regimental or battalion court martial, and they shall have a discretionary power to assess fines or not as they may think proper on delinquents.Item type:Item, Ordinances of the Town of Columbia 61-62 (1823)(1823)No. 41: That hereafter it shall not be lawful for any person to fire or discharge any gun, pistol or other small arms within the limits bounded by Henderson, Blossom, Lincoln and Upper streetsItem type:Item, Ordinances of the Town of Columbia 75-76 (1823)(1823)Ordinance no. 57: No merchant, retailer, dealer in powder, or any person or persons whatever, within the said town, shall retain, keep or have in his, her or their possession, at any time, a greater quantity of gunpowder than fifty pounds weight.Item type:Item, 1823 S.C. Acts 63(1823)Ch. 20, § 13: Prohibits any "free negro, or other free person of colour" from carrying any firearms or other military weapons without a written ticket from his or their guardian. Violators punished under pain of forfeiture.Item type:Item, The Charter of the City of Newport, Rhode Island and the Special State Laws Relating Thereto, Together with the Ordinances for the Government of the City 39, § 11 (1858)(1822)An Act providing in case of fire breaking out in the town of Newport an for the purposes therein mentioned, § 11: That no person whosoever shall fire a gun or other fire-works within one hundred yards of the said powder-house, upon the penalty of two dollars for every such offence, to be recovered by the town treasurer for the use of said town.Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Providence, Together with the Acts of the General Assembly Relating to the City 89-96 (1854)(1821)Strictly regulated the possession, sale, storage, and transportation of gunpowder to reduce fire and explosion risks. Individuals generally could not possess more than five pounds unless authorized, and sellers required licenses. The law established specific storage containers, transportation methods, designated loading areas, and warning signs. Firewards could inspect premises, seize illegally stored gunpowder, and obtain warrants to search suspected locations. Violations could result in fines of $20–$500 and forfeiture of gunpowder. People injured by illegally stored or transported gunpowder could also seek damages from those responsible.Item type:Item, By-Laws and Ordinances of the City of Pittsburgh 188 (1828)(1827)Ch. 103, § 2: That if any person shall fire off or discharge wantonly and without reasonable cause, any gun, pistol, fowling piece, or any other fire-arms, at any place or from any house, within the city, or in any of the streets, alleys or highways of the said city, such person shall forfeit and pay for every such offence the sum of five dollars.Item type:Item, Saunders Lewis, Ordinances of the Corporation of and Acts of Assembly Relating to the City of Philadelphia 128 (1851)(1821)A Supplement to an ordinance titled "an ordinance for the suspension of nuisances[.]" § 2: If any person shall fire off or discharge, wantonly and without any reasonable cause, any gun, pistol, fowling-piece or other fire-arms, at any place or from any house within the city of Philadelphia, or in any of the streets, alleys or highways of the said city, such person shall forfeit and pay for every such offence the sum of five dollars.Item type:Item, 1822, By-Laws, Rules and Regulations of the?Company for Erecting a Permanent Bridge over the River Schuylkill, at 89, Rules and Regulations, pt. 14.(1822)No guns or other firearms shall be discharged on or near the bridge. And the toll collectors and watchmen are hereby authorized and required to take every legal measure to bring offenders to justice, who, in violation of this regulation and the laws of the Commonwealth, thus annoy passengers and endanger the bridge. A suitable reward will be given, when such offenders are convicted as the law directs.Item type:Item, An Act of Incorporation for that Part of the Northern Liberties, Lying between the Middle of Sixth Street and the River Delaware, and between Vine Street and Cohocksink Creek, with Ordinances for the Improvement of the Same 51 (1824)(1824)That no person or persons shall fire, or discharge any cannon, or piece of artillery, or small arms, or prove any pistol, gun, musket barrels, or cannon, or illuminate, or cause to be illuminated, any house within the regulated parts, incorporated as aforesaid, in said townshipItem type:Item, 1823 Ohio Acts, at 55, 57-58, ch. 38, § 10 (vol. 22, 1824)(1823)to impose a fine of not more than five dollars, for shooting a gun or running a horse within said town, to adopt such regulations as may by them be deemed necessary to secure the town against injuries by fire..."Item type:Item, The Act of Incorporation, and the Ordinances and Regulations of the Town of Marietta, Washington County, Ohio 17-18 (1837)(1823)An Ordinance Preventing the Wanton Use of Firearms, & c., §§ 1-2: Prohibited the discharge or explosion of any gun powder within the town limits. Violators fined not less than one but no more than five dollars on the first offense. Following offenses fined at not less then five but no more than ten dollars with all costs.Item type:Item, Laws of the State of New-York, Relating to the City of Schenectady 58 (1824)(1824)A Law to prevent injuries by fire, and for other purposes, § XI: That if any person shall fire or discharge any gun, pistol, rocket, cracker, squib or other fire works, in any street, lane or alley, or in any yard, garden or other enclosure, or in any place which persons frequent to walk within the limits aforesaid, without permission of the mayor or one of the aldermen or assistants of this city, such person shall forfeit for every such offence the sum of one dollar...Item type:Item, Laws and Ordinances of the Common Council of The City of Albany 127, 133-34, ch. 25, § 10 (1820)(1820)That it shall not be lawful for any person to fire or set off any gun-powder, squib, rocket or fire-work, or to fire any cannon, gun or pistol in any part of the said city, within the following bounds, viz: east of the west side of Knox-street, and north, east and south by the city line;Item type:Item, 1824 N.H. Laws 191-92(1824)An Act to Establish a System of Police in the Town of Portsmouth, and for Other Purposes, ch. 34, § 4: That if any person or persons shall within the compact part of the town of Portsmouth, that is to say, within one mile of the courthouse, fire or discharge any cannon, gun, pistol or other fire arms, or beat any drum, (except by command of a military officer, having authority therefor) or fire or discharge any rockets, squibs, crackers, or any preparation of gunpowder, (except by the permission of the police officers, or of a major part of them first had in writing) . . . every such person, for every such act shall be taken and deemed to be an offender against the police of Portsmouth, and shall be liable to the penalties hereinafter expressed.Item type:Item, 1820 N.H. Laws 907(1820)An Act to Provide for the Appointment of Inspectors and Regulating the Manufacture of Gunpowder, ch. 24, §§ 1-9: Authorized the creation of "inspector of gunpowder" for public powder magazines and powder manufactories. Required gun powder manufactured in the state to be composed of certain qty/quality of materials. Authorized inspection of gunpowder. Bans sale of gunpowder not up to standards.Item type:Item, 1825 N.H. Laws 73-4(1825)An Act to Regulate the Keeping and Selling, and Transporting of Gunpowder, § 2: Requiring storage of less than 75 pounds of gunpowder in tin cannister or other noncombustible vessel(s).Item type:Item, 1820 N.H. Laws 861(1820)An Act for Forming, Arranging and Regulating the Militia, § 44, art. 15: If any non-commissioned officer or private shall come on to any parade with his musket, rifle, or pistol loaded with powder and ball, slugs or shot, he shall for such offence forfeit not less than two nor more than ten dollars[.]Item type:Item, The Acts of Assembly Incorporating the City of Saint Louis, and the Ordinances of the City 35 (1828)(1823)No. 1, ch. 22, § 1: Be it ordained by the Mayor and board of Aldermen of the city of Saint Louis, That no store or shopkeeper, or other person or persons, shall keep, at the same time, in any house, shop, store, cellar or warehouse, or in any boat, more than thirty pounds of gunpowder, within the limits of the City.Item type:Item, 1822 Mo. Laws 41-42(1822)An Act To Incorporate Inhabitants Of The Town Of Saint Louis, § 12: The Mayor and Board of Aldermen, shall have power by ordinance, to . . . regulate . . . the storage of gun powder, tar, pitch, rosin, hemp, cotton and other combustible materials[.]Item type:Item, 1824 Miss. Rev. Code 608(1824)Said president and selectmen may pass ordinances to regulate the keeping, carting and transporting gunpowder, or other combustible or dangerous materials, and, the use of lights in stables, to remove or prevent the construction of any fireplace, hearth or chimney, stoves, ovens, boilers, kettles or apparatus used in any house, building, manufactory or business which may be dangerous in causing or promoting fires; to appoint one or more officers, at reasonable times, to enter into and examine all dwelling houses, lots, yards and buildings, in order to discover whether any of them are in a dangerous stateItem type:Item, 1820 Terr. of Mich. Laws 207, An Act For The Punishment Of Crimes, §§ 30-31.(1820)Sect. 30. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall unlawfully and maliciously assault another, with any offensive weapon or instrument, or by menaces, or in and by other forcible and violent manner and means, demand of another any money, or personal goods and chattels, with intent to rob him or her, or shall by day, willfully[1] and maliciously break and enter any dwelling house, shop, ware house, store house, mill, barn, stable, out house or other building whatever, with intent to kill, rob, steal, or commit a rape, mayhem or battery, then and in every such case, the person so offending, and each of the counsellors, procurers, aiders and abettors of the person so offending, shall, on being thereof convicted, be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or solitary imprisonment, at hard labor, not exceeding ten years, or both, at the discretion of the court. Sect. 31. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall willfully[2] and maliciously enter, either by day or by night, without breaking the same, any church, meeting house, or place of worship, or any dwelling house, shop, ware house, store house, mill, barn, stable, out house or other building whatsoever, with intent to kill, rob, steal, or to commit a rape, mayhem or battery, then and in every such case, the person so offending, and each of the counsellors, procurers, aiders, and abettors of such offender, shall, on conviction, be punished by fine not exceeding three hundred dollars, or by solitary imprisonment, at hard labor, not exceeding five years, or both, at the discretion of the court."Item type:Item, Thomas Wetmore, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Boston 116-117 (1834)(1826)An ordinance forbidding the firing of Guns, prohibiting Fireworks in certain cases, and to prevent damage by fire, § 1: That no person shall fire or discharge any gun, fowling piece, or fire arms within the limits of the city, which shall be loaded with balls or shot, or with powder only, under a penalty for every such offence, of a sum not less than one dollar nor more than twenty dollars: Provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not extend to the firing of any gun or other fire arm, in the lawful defense of the person, family, or property of any citizen; nor to the firing of any such gun or fire arm at any military exercise or reviews.Item type:Item, 1821 Me. Laws 55(1821)§ 7: Be it further enacted, That if any person shall voluntarily engage in a duel, with rapier, a small sword, back sword, pistol, or other dangerous weapon, to the hazard of life, when no homicide shall ensue thereon; and if any person shall, by word, message, or in any other manner, challenge another to fight in a duel, as aforesaid, when no duel shall be fought thereon, every such offender, and every person who shall be knowingly a second, agent or abettor in such duel or challenge, upon due conviction of either of said offences in the Supreme Judicial Court, shall be punished as a felonious assaulter;Item type:Item, Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 12, ch. 169, § 16 (1840)(1821)Prohibited going armed with any dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, or other offensive and dangerous weapon without reasonable cause to fear assault on oneself, their family, or property. Violators required to give sureties not exceeding one year.Item type:Item, 1821 Me. Laws 98(1821)An Act for the Prevention of Damage by Fire, and the Safe Keeping of Gun Powder, chap. 25, § 1: Prohibited any person from possessing any gunpowder, in any quantity, unless permitted by local rules and regulations.Item type:Item, 1821 Me. Laws 685-86(1821)§3, Act to Provide for the Proof of Fire Arms: Required the governor to appoint inspectors of firearms who would prove barrels of new or unused firearms. Punishable by fine of $10.Item type:Item, 1821 Me. Laws 352-53(1821)ch. 76, § 1 (1821): to cause to be staid and arrested, all affrayers, rioters, disturbers or breakers of the peace, and such as shall ride or go armed offensively, to the fear or terror of the good citizens of this State, or such others as may utter any menaces or threatening speeches;