FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland 364-69, 371-72 (1911)(1911)These Portland laws regulated firearms, gunpowder, explosives, and other dangerous substances. They required licenses for selling or possessing larger quantities of gunpowder, established safe storage and transportation requirements, and restricted fireworks, blasting, silencers, and toy pistols. Gunpowder generally had to be securely stored, covered during transportation, and kept within specified quantity limits. Firearms could not generally be discharged within city limits. Carrying concealed or threateningly displaying deadly weapons was prohibited without a license, with exceptions for certain law enforcement officers. Violations could result in fines, imprisonment, seizure or forfeiture of weapons or explosives, and other penalties.Item type:Item, 1919 Wyo. Sess. Laws 17(1919)It shall be unlawful for any person or company to store any gunpowder or any other explosive material at a less distance than one thousand feet from any house or habitation, when more than fifty pounds are at the same place; but it shall be unlawful to place or to keep any powder or other explosive material, in any house or building occupied as a residence, or in any outbuilding pertaining thereto.Item type:Item, 1915 Wyo. Sess. Laws ch. 91 sec. 13(1915)This law requires most non-citizens (aliens) in Wyoming to obtain a $25 annual gun and fish license before possessing firearms or fishing equipment, with exemptions for certain residents, taxpayers, settlers, employees, and holders of a $50 hunting license. Violations are punishable by fines of $25–$100, with imprisonment at the rate of one day per unpaid dollar until fines and costs are paid, and unauthorized firearms or fishing equipment may be seized and confiscated by law enforcement.Item type:Item, 1913 Wyo. Sess. Laws 165(1913)Required nonresidents obtain a license for $5 from the Justice of the Peace in order to hunt game birds in the state.Item type:Item, Charter and General Ordinances of Madison 292–93 (1917)(1917)Every person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the business of selling firearms at retail in the city of Madison, shall at the close of business on each day during which any such person, firm, association or corporation shall sell any firearms, make a report to the chief of police, giving a brief description of each firearm sold and the name and address of the purchaser. It shall be unlawful for any person, except policemen or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or revolver, slung shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of Madison. No person shall fire or discharge any cannon, or fire arm of any description, or any air gun, or fire, explode, or set off any squib, cracker or other thing containing powder. No person shall sell or place on sale, or give away or fire or explode any toy, cap or cartridge pistol or any fire cracker exceeding § inch in diameter and 2 inches in length; nor any so-called "dago bomb" or any similar bomb unless used for exhibition purposes and then only by an experienced agent."Item type:Item, 1919 Wis. Sess. Laws 281–82(1919)to regulate the storage of gunpowder and other dangerous materialsItem type:Item, 1911 Wis. Sess. Laws 227–28(1911)§ 1. . . § 4393a-1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to manufacture gunpowder or black blasting powder in any quantity whatsoever within the corporate limits of any city or village or within one hundred rods of any occupied dwelling house or any church, schoolhouse, town hall, depot or other place in which people are accustomed to assemble. § 4393a-2. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation engaged in the manufacture of gunpowder or black blasting powder to store, or permit to be stored on the land or premises where gunpowder or black blasting powder is manufactured, any dynamite or explosive other than that manufactured at such gunpowder or black blasting powder manufacturing plant or within one mile of any plant where gunpowder of black blasting powder is manufactured.Item type:Item, 1911 Wis. Sess. Laws 572(1911)§ 1728f. 1. No child under the age of eighteen years shall be employed . . . in or about establishments where nitroglycerine, dynamite, dualin, guncotton, gunpowder or other high or dangerous explosive is manufactured, compounded or stored[.]Item type:Item, 1917 Wis. Sess. Laws 1243–44(1917)No owner of lands embraced within any such wild life refuge, and no other person whatever, shall hunt or trap within the boundaries of any wild life refuge, state park, or state fish hatchery lands; nor have in his possession or under his control therein any gun or rifle, unless the same is unloaded and knocked down or enclosed within its carrying case; but nothing herein shall prohibit, prevent, or interfere with the state conservation commission or its deputies agents or employees in the destruction of injurious animals.Item type:Item, 1911 Wis. Sess. Laws 92(1911)§ 1. . . Section 4410m. 1. Any person who, with intent to commit crime, breaks and enters either by day or by night, any building, whether inhabited or not, and opens or attempts to open any vault, safe, or other secure place by nitroglycerine, dynamite, gunpowder, or any other explosive, shall be deemed guilty of burglary with explosives. 2. Any person duly convicted of burglary with explosives shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not less than fifteen nor more than forty years.Item type:Item, 1913 Wis. Sess. Laws 655(1913)and it shall also be unlawful for any person carrying or being in possession of a gun to run or use a pointer or setter dog or dogs in the field, or upon lands frequented by or upon which game birds may be found between the first day of August and the seventh day of September. . .Item type:Item, 1915 W. Va. Acts 404(1915)Reg. Sess., Municipal Charters, ch. 11, § 16, pt. 25: To regulate the keeping, handling and transportation of explosives and dangerous combustibles within the municipality; and to regulate or prohibit the use of fire crackers, sky rockets, toy pistols, air rifles or guns, within the said municipality.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. A 236, §§ 1 (Pts. 1, 7, 12, 21, & 31), 9, 10, 26, 37, & 39, Yakima City Council (1917)(1917)Any person in said city, except police officers and other persons who are authorized by law or have obtained proper authority so to do from the Chief of Police of said city, who shall carry or wear in any manner concealed upon his or her person, any dirk, dagger, stilletto, bowie-knife, sword-cane, gun, pistol, revolver sling-shot, metal knuckles, or any other dangerous weapon or instrument which may be used to inflict injury upon the person of another. Any person in said city, except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to make arrestes, who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use, any deadly weapon with intent to do bodily injury to another, or with the intention of intimidating such other person.-Any person in said city, except police officers engaged in the lawful discharge of their duty, and persons practicing at target shooting in a duly licensed shooting gallery, who shall fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or fire arm of any kind within the city limits...or who shall sell or give, or permit to be sold or given away to any person under the age of twenty one-years any intoxicating liquor, cigar, cigarette, cigarette paper or wrapping, or tobacco in any form; or who shall sell, or give, or permit to be sold or given to any person under the age of eighteen years, any revolver, or pistolItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 520, § 2, Vancouver City Council, (1910)(1910)Any person or persons who shall draw any species of fire arms or any dagger, dirk or knife or any other deadly or dangerous weapon upon the person of another or shall conceal upon his person any of the above weapons or any dangerous weapon, excepting a peace officer in the discharge of his official duties, within the limits of the City of Vancouver, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 377, §§ 2-4, Wenatchee City Council (1911)(1911)It shall be unlawful for any person to carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver, pistol or other firearm or any knife (other than an ordinary pock§et knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckle or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of another person, provided, that this section shall not ap§ply to police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or to make arrests.It shall be unlawful for any person to draw any species of firearm or any dirk, dagger, knife or other dangerous or deadly weapon in the presence of another with intent to intimidate, an§noy or injure another person. FIRING ARMS OR EXPLOSIVES. It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any cannon, gun, pistol, revolver, or any firearm of any description, or fire, or explode, or set off any squib, cire cracker, torpedo or other thing containing powder or other explosive material, except on days of public celebration or jubilee, and then only in the manner provided by the Ordinances of the City of Wenatchee.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 79, §§ 2, 3, & 15, Yakima City Council (1910)(1910)It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any pistol, gun, rifle, cannon, or any description of firearms within the corporate limits of said city. It shall be unlawful for any person not being a police officer or not having a permit from the mayor, to carry concealed about his person, any pistol, sling shot, brass or iron knuckle, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 1492, §§ 1-5, Olympia City Council (1917)(1917)It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation, to purchase any gun, pistol, firearm or other deadly weapon, or any ammunition or explosive of any kind or character, without first obtaining a written permit therefor from the Chief of Police of the City of Olympia.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 2, §§ 2-3 & 7, Soap Lake Town Council (1919)(1919)That it shall be unlawful for any person to discharge any firearm or other dangerous weapon, at any place within the incorporated limits of the Town of Soap Lake.It shall be unlawful for any person to carry any firearm or other dangerous weapon, or to exhibit, flourish or to use the same in any manner having a tendency to put any other person in terror or fear; upon any of the public highways or other public places within the incorporated limits of the Town of Soap Lake...Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 25, §§ 1-3, Lamont Town Council (1911)(1911)It shall be unlawful for any person except officers of the Law, Police Officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests, to carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver, pistol, or other fire-arm, or any knife, (other than an ordinary pocket knife), or any dirk, dagger, sling-shot, or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 13, §§ 1 & 7, Othello Town Council (1911)(1911)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests) who shall carry upon their persons any concealed weapons, consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms (except by written permit from the Chief of Police) or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckles or any instrument by the use of which in§jury can be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person. All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person within said town with intent to do bodily injury to such person. All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gal§lery, duly licensed) who shall in the town limits fire off or discharge any gun or pistol or firearm of any kind, or bomb...Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 97, §§ 1-4, Town Council of Stanwood (1918)(1917)It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to sell, give or permit to be sold or given to any person under the age of eighteen (18) years any revolver, pistol or toy-pistol within the town of Stanwood.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 7, §§ 1, 6, 11, & 20, Selah Town Council (1919)(1919)Any person in said Town except police officers and other persons authorized by law or have obtained proper authority so to do from the proper officer of said Town, who shall carry or wear in any manner concealed upon his or her person any dirk, dagger, stilletto, bowie-knife, sword, cane, gun, pistol, revolver, sling shot, metal knuckles or any other dangerous weapon or instrument which may be used to inflict injury upon the person of another.Any person in said Town except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to make arrests who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon with intent to do bodily injury to another, or with the intention of intimidating such other person. Any person in said Town except police officers engaged in the lawful discharge of their duty, and persons practicing at target shooting in a duly licensed shooting gallery, who shall fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or fire arm of any kind within the Town LimitsItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 758, §§ 1-2, Ellensburg City Council (1919)(1919)It shall be unlawful, for any person to manufacture, sell or dispose of, or have in his possession, any instrument or weapon of the kind usually known as slung-shot, sand club, or metal knuckles; or to fertively carry or conceal any dagger, dirk, knife, pistol, or other dangerous weapon; or to use any contrivance or devise for suppressing the noise of any firearm.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 7, § 1, Bucoda Town Council (1910)(1910)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants, or make arrests) who shall carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver or other firearm or any knife, (other than ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person. All persons (except police officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person in said town (excepting in necessary defence of person or property) with intent to bodily injure to such person. All persons (except police officers aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gallery, duly licensed) who shall upon any of the public streets of this town, fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or firearm of any kind, or any bombItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 10, § 5, Lamont Town Council (1910)(1910)It shall be unlawful for any person within the corporate limits of the Town of Lamont to discharge any fire arms, bomb or cannon fire cracker, or to shoot any sling shot, or to flourish or exhibit any dangerous weapon in any manner that will cause terror to the people passing, or exhibit in a rude, angry or threatening manner in a crowd of two or more persons, any pistol, bowie knife, or other dangerous weapon.Item type:Item, 1913 Wash. Sess. Laws 90-91(1913)Ch. 33, § 1: Every person who shall use any sink box or sink boat or sneak boat for the purpose of shooting wild ducks, geese, swan or other water fowl, or who shall use any battery, swivel or pivot gun, or any gun other than one to be held in the hands and fired from the shoulder, at any time, for the purposes of shooting wild ducks, geese, swan, brant or other water fowl . . . shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished as hereinafter provided.Item type:Item, 1911 Wash. Sess. Laws 303(1911)An Act Relating to the Carrying of Firearms, Requiring Licenses of Certain Persons, and Fixing a Penalty for the Violation Thereof, ch. 52, § 1: Required noncitizens to receive a license from the state auditor, upon a certificate from the consul of the individuals' country of origin and payment of a fee, before noncitizen can possess a firearm.Item type:Item, Code of the City of Staunton 115 (1910)(1910)Ch. II, § 135 p. 115: Prohibited carrying of firearms, throwing stones, or other missiles within the park.Item type:Item, The Code of the City of Staunton 115 (1910)(1910)All persons are forbidden to enter or leave the park except by the gateways; to climb or walk upon any of the walls or fence, to turn cattle, horses, goats or swine into the park; to carry firearms, or to throw stones or other missiles within it; to cut, break, or in any way injure or deface the trees, benches, shrubs, plants, turf, or any of the buildings, fences, bridges, or other constructions upon the park; or to converse with, or in any way hinder those engaged in its construction.Item type:Item, 1916 Va. Acts 568(1916)Ch. 348, §1: Be it enacted by the general assembly of Virginia, That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to hunt, pursue, kill, or destroy in any way, any wild game or to enter with dog or gun or both with intent to hunt, kill, pursue, destroy any wild game upon any of those tracts of land in Shenandoah county in what is known as the Massanutten purchase area to which the government of the United States of America has acquired the legal title under the Week's law for the acquisition of lands upon the head waters . . .Item type:Item, 1915 Vt. Acts & Resolves 344(1915)No. 205, §§ 1-2: A person who uses a slungshot, black jack, brass knuckles or similar weapons against another person, or attempts so to do, or is found in possession of a slungshot, black§ jack, brass knuckles, or similar weapon, with intent so to use it, shall be imprisoned in the state prison not more than five years. A person who within the state manufactures or causes to be manufactured, or sells or gives away or parts with, or offers so to do, or keeps for sale or gift, a slungshot, black§ jack, brass knuckles, or similar weapons, shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than five hundred dollars nor less than two hundred dollars."Item type:Item, 1912 Vt. Acts & Resolves 261(1912)No. 201, Pt. 2, § 16(b): Prohibited the setting of any spring gun for the purpose of taking animals. Punishable by a fine of $50-500 and liability for twice the amount of damage resulting from the trap.Item type:Item, 1919 Vt. Acts and Resolves 136(1919)No. 128, § 1: It shall be unlawful to transport, carry or convey from one place in this state to another place in this state, any dynamite, gunpowder, or other explosive on any vessel or vehicle of any description operated by a common carrier, which vessel or vehicle is carrying passengers for hire[.]Item type:Item, 1912 Vt. Acts and Resolves 310(1912)No. 237, §1: A person who manufactures, sells, or uses, or possesses with intent to sell or use, an appliance known as or used for a gun silencer shall be fined twenty-five dollars for each offense. This act shall not prevent the use or possession of gun silencers for military purposes when so used or possessed under proper military authority and restriction.Item type:Item, 1912 Vt. Acts and Resolves 306(1912)No. 229, §§ 1-2: A person, other than a parent or guardian, who sells or furnishes to a minor under the age of sixteen years a firearm or other dangerous weapon, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars nor less than ten dollars. This section shall not apply to an instructor or teacher who furnishes military weapons to pupils for instruction and drill. § 2. A child under the age of sixteen years who, without the consent of his parent or guardian, has in his possession or control a pistol or revolver constructed or designed for the use of gunpowder or other explosive substance with leaden ball or shot shall be fined not more than twenty dollars.Item type:Item, 1917 Utah Laws 278(1917)Prohibited noncitizens from owning, possessing, or having under their control and shot gun, rifle or firearm " of any make. "Item type:Item, 1919 Tex. Gen. Laws, at 297-98(1919)An Act to Preserve, Propagate, Distribute, and Protect the Wild Game, Wild Birds, Wild Fowl of the State . . . , Ch. 157, § 42: It shall be unlawful for any citizen of this State to hunt outside of the county of his residence with a gun without first having procured from the Game, Fish and Oyster Commissioner or one of his deputies or from the County Clerk of the County in which he resides a license to hunt, and for which he shall pay to the officer from whom he secures such license the sum of two ($2.00) dollars. . . Any person hunting any game or birds protected by the laws of the State, and who shall refuse to show his license herein provided for to any sheriff . . . on demand shall be deemed guilty of a violation of the provisions of this law, and any person violating any of the provisions of this Section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined in a sum of not less than ten (10.00) dollars nor more than one hundred (100.00) dollars.Item type:Item, 1911 Tenn. Priv. Acts 1431(1911)A Bill to Be Entitled "An Act to Amend the Charter of the City of Knoxville, Tenn. . . . ," ch. 498, § 45: That no officer of Election or Commissioner of Election shall be in, at, or near any ballot box or voting precinct during any election or the canvassing of the returns armed with pistol, gun, or other deadly weapon[.]Item type:Item, 1913 S.D. Sess. Laws 292(1913)Ch. 209, § 1: No person, firm, or corporation shall sell any dynamite or other high explosive, except ordinary gun powder in the state of South Dakota, to any person unknown to the seller, unless introduced by some person known to the seller, and on every sale the seller shall before delivery, make entry on a book kept for that purpose stating the date of sale, the name and address of the purchaser, the name and quantity of the article sold, the purpose for which it is required and the name of the person, if any, who introduced them. Any person failing to comply with the requirements of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.Item type:Item, 1918 S.C. Acts 723(1918)No. 393, § 1: Provided further, that it shall be unlawful to at any time use any automatic or pump gun while hunting birds in said county. Any person violating any of the provisions hereof shall upon conviction in any Court of competent jurisdiction, be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than twenty dollars, or be imprisoned at hard labor not less than ten days nor more than twenty days for each and every offense.