FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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For questions about coverage, rights, or submissions, contact the Firearms Research Center (firearmsresearchcenter.org).
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Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland 364-69, 371-72 (1911)(1911)These Portland laws regulated firearms, gunpowder, explosives, and other dangerous substances. They required licenses for selling or possessing larger quantities of gunpowder, established safe storage and transportation requirements, and restricted fireworks, blasting, silencers, and toy pistols. Gunpowder generally had to be securely stored, covered during transportation, and kept within specified quantity limits. Firearms could not generally be discharged within city limits. Carrying concealed or threateningly displaying deadly weapons was prohibited without a license, with exceptions for certain law enforcement officers. Violations could result in fines, imprisonment, seizure or forfeiture of weapons or explosives, and other penalties.Item type:Item, Del Cary Smith, Ordinances of the City of Port Townsend 25 (1890)(1890)Sections 3-5 prohibited carrying concealed weapons, brandishing firearms or other deadly weapons, and challenging another to fight (dueling).Item type:Item, William Stanley, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Leavenworth 42 (1859)(1859)§§ 1-2: Prohibited the carry of concealed weapons. Prohibited any person guilty of carrying a pistol, dirk, bowie-knife, colt, slung-shot, metal knuckles, or any other deadly weapon. Violators fined not less than five, nor more than two hundred dollars.Item type:Item, Edward O. Wolcott, The Ordinances of Georgetown, Passed June 7th, A.D. 1877, at 100, § 9 (1877)(1877)Prohibited the concealed carrying of any pistol, Bowie knife, dagger, or other deadly weapon. Punishable by a fine of $5-50.Item type:Item, 1867 Nev. Stat. 66(1867)Ch. 30, § 1: Prohibited the concealed carry of any dirk, pistol, sword in a cane, slung-shot, or other dangerous or deadly weapon, concealed. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, imprisoned not less than thirty nor more than ninety days, or fined not less than twenty nor more than two hundred dollars.Item type:Item, Mont. Const. of 1889 art. III, § 13(1889)The right of any person to keep or bear arms in defense of his own home, person, and property, or in aid of the civil power when thereto legally summoned, shall not be called in question, but nothing herein contained shall be held to permit the carrying of concealed weaponsItem type:Item, 1819 Ind. Acts 39(1819)An Act to Prohibit the Wearing of Concealed Weapons: Prohibited concealed carry of an dirk, pistol, sword in cane, or any other unlawful weapon. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, fined not more than one hundred dollars.Item type:Item, Leslie A. Thompson, A Manual or Digest of the Statute Law of the State of Florida 498 (1847)(1832)Act of Jan. 5, 1847, Ch. 75, § 3: Prohibited concealed carry of any dirk, pistol, or other arm or weapon. Violators fined not less than five dollars not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not less than ten days nor exceeding six months.Item type:Item, 1899 Wyo. Rev. Stat. 1253, div. 5, tit. 1, ch. 3, § 5051(1899)Every person, not being a traveler, who shall wear or carry any dirk, pistol, bowie knife, dagger, sword-in-cane, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon concealed, or who shall carry or wear any such weapon openly, with the intent, or avowed purpose, of injuring his fellow- man, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.Item type:Item, 1885 Wis. Sess. Laws 1109(1885)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the carrying concealed of any pistol, revolver, sling shot, cross knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal, Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Superior 390 (1896)(1896)Section 18 prohibited carrying pistols, slingshots, knuckles, bowie knives, daggers, or other dangerous weapons within Superior, except by authorized officers, punishable by a $10–$100 fine. Section 19 prohibited discharging firearms or fireworks without mayoral permission, punishable by a $1–$50 fine, with exceptions for lawful defense, law enforcement, and gun-club shotgun practice.Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 336(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal,, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1883 Wis. Sess. Laws 1034(1883)Authorized the city to prohibit and prevent the concealed carry of any pistol, sling-shot, knuckles, Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, or dagger, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1885 Wis. Sess. Laws 753(1885)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the carrying concealed of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1891 Wis. Sess. Laws 186(1891)Authorized the city to regulate or prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, sling shot, cross knuckles, knuckles made of lead, brass, or other metal, or Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapons.Item type:Item, 1883 Wis. Sess. Laws 990(1883)Authorized the city to prohibit and prevent the carry of any pistol, Bowie-knife, dirk, dagger, or other concealed and dangerous weapon, except as authorized by law.Item type:Item, 1876 Wis. Sess. Laws 218(1876)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry "of any pistol or colt, or slung shot, or cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon."Item type:Item, 1883 Wis. Sess. Laws 713(1883)Prohibited the carrying of a concealed pistol or colt, or slungshot, or cross knuckles or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal or Bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon. Punishable by confiscation of the weapon.Item type:Item, 1877 Wis. Sess. Laws 367(1877)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry "of any pistol or colt, or slung shot, or cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon."Item type:Item, 1876 Wis. Sess. Laws 737(1876)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry "of any pistol or colt, or slung shot, or cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon."Item type:Item, The General Ordinances of the City of Milwaukee 692–93 (Charles H. Hamilton, ed., 1896)(1896)It shall be unlawful for any person except policemen, regular or special, or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or colt, slung-shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie -knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of MilwaukeeItem type:Item, 1874 Wis. Sess. Laws 334(1874)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry "of any pistol or colt, or slung shot, or cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon."Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 754(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, slung shot, knuckles, bowie knife, dirk, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1885 Wis. Sess. Laws 126(1885)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the carrying concealed of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, Bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1882 Wis. Sess. Laws 309(1882)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1891 Wis. Sess. Laws 699(1891)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, slung shot, or cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, Bowie-knife, dirk-knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Charter and General Ordinances of Madison 292–93 (1917)(1917)Every person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the business of selling firearms at retail in the city of Madison, shall at the close of business on each day during which any such person, firm, association or corporation shall sell any firearms, make a report to the chief of police, giving a brief description of each firearm sold and the name and address of the purchaser. It shall be unlawful for any person, except policemen or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or revolver, slung shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of Madison. No person shall fire or discharge any cannon, or fire arm of any description, or any air gun, or fire, explode, or set off any squib, cracker or other thing containing powder. No person shall sell or place on sale, or give away or fire or explode any toy, cap or cartridge pistol or any fire cracker exceeding § inch in diameter and 2 inches in length; nor any so-called "dago bomb" or any similar bomb unless used for exhibition purposes and then only by an experienced agent."Item type:Item, 1878 Wis. Sess. Laws 119–20(1878)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry "of any pistol or colt, or slung shot, or cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon."Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 684(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, The Municipal Code of Berlin §§ 483–86 (1890)(1890)It shall be unlawful for any person, within the limits of the City of Berlin, to carry or wear under his clothes, or concealed about his person, any pistol, colt or slung shot, cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal or bowie knife, dirk knife or dirk, razor or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1872 Wis. Sess. Laws 17(1872)Prohibited the concealed carry of a dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, revolver, slung-shot, brass knuckles, or other offensive and dangerous weapon. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in state prison not more than two years, or one year in the county jail, or find not exceeding five hundred dollars with costs of prosecution. Sureties of the peace may be required up to two years post-conviction.Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 1308(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal,, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Wis. Stat. Ann. 2226, §§ 4397-4397b (1889)(1889)Prohibited carrying concealed dangerous weapons, carrying pistols or revolvers by minors or intoxicated persons, and selling, lending, or giving pistols or revolvers to minors. It also prohibited the sale or use of toy firearms. Violations generally carried up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to $100, or both.Item type:Item, 1872 Wis. Sess. Laws 17(1872)If any person shall go armed with a concealed dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, or pistols, revolver, slung-shot, brass knuckles, or other offensive and dangerous weapon, he shall, on conviction thereof, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanorItem type:Item, Code of West Virginia Comprising Legislation to the Year 1870, ch. 148, p. 692(1868)Prohibited habitually carrying concealed any pistol, dirk, Bowie-knife, or weapon of the like kind. Violators fined fifty dollars.Item type:Item, Wheeling Laws and Ordinances 204, 206 (1891)(1881)It shall be unlawful for any person to carry any slung shot, colt, or knucklers of lead, brass or other metal or material, or to carry about his person, hid from common observation, any pistol, dirk , bowie knife, or weapon of the like kind, without a permit in writing from the mayor so to do. It shall also be unlawful for any person or persons to sell or give away to a person not of age, any slung shot, colt, or knuckler or knucklers of lead, brass or other metal or material, or any pistol, dirk, bowie knife or weapon of the like kind."Item type:Item, W. Va. Code ch. 148, § 7 (1870)(1870)Prohibited the habitual conceal carry of any pistol, dirk, Bowie-knife, or weapon of like kind. Violators fined fifty dollars, informants receiving half the fine.Item type:Item, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Olympia: Also General Laws of Washington Territory, Relative to the Government of Incorporated Cities and Towns 80 (1886)(1886)Section 2 prohibited drawing, exhibiting, or attempting to use a deadly weapon against another person within Olympia; violations carried a $25–$50 fine. Section 3 prohibited carrying a deadly weapon concealed on one’s person within Olympia; violations carried a $5–$10 fine. Section 4 prohibited discharging any gun, pistol, or firearm within a specified area of Olympia; violations were punishable by a $5–$20 fine, 5–10 days’ imprisonment, or both.Item type:Item, 1883 Wash. Sess. Laws 302, ch. 6, § 29, pt. 15(1883)Authorized City of Snohomish to regulate and prohibit carrying concealed deadly weapons and to prohibit using guns, pistols, firearms, firecrackers, bombs, and explosives.Item type:Item, 1883 Wash. Sess. Laws 139-40(1883)An Act to Incorporate the City of Whatcom, Ch. 2, § 8: The city of Whatcom shall have the power to prevent injury or annoyance from anything dangerous, offensive, or unhealthy . . . to regulate and prohibit the carrying of deadly weapons in a concealed manner; to regulate and prohibit the use of guns, pistols and firearms, fire-crackers, bombs and detonating works of all descriptions[.]