FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
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Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland 364-69, 371-72 (1911)(1911)These Portland laws regulated firearms, gunpowder, explosives, and other dangerous substances. They required licenses for selling or possessing larger quantities of gunpowder, established safe storage and transportation requirements, and restricted fireworks, blasting, silencers, and toy pistols. Gunpowder generally had to be securely stored, covered during transportation, and kept within specified quantity limits. Firearms could not generally be discharged within city limits. Carrying concealed or threateningly displaying deadly weapons was prohibited without a license, with exceptions for certain law enforcement officers. Violations could result in fines, imprisonment, seizure or forfeiture of weapons or explosives, and other penalties.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 32, art. 3, § 1: Offenses Against Public Convenience, in The Daily Morning Alaskan, June 18, 1903, at 2(1903)Discharging firearms, fireworks, or explosives in Skagway required municipal permission; blasting also required a bond. Violators committed a misdemeanor punishable by up to $200, 90 days' jail, or both.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 32, art. 3, § 10: Offenses Against Public Convenience, in The Daily Morning Alaskan, June 18, 1903, at 2(1903)Prohibited storing explosives within town limits or one mile thereof without written permission. Authorized storage was strictly limited, labeled, secured, and subject to inspection; violations carried fines, jail time, or both.Item type:Item, Dick Act of 1903, ch. 196, § 1, 32 Stat. 775, 775(1903)This militia consisted of all able-bodied male citizens between 18 and 45 years of age, and also aliens who have declared intent to naturalize. The "organized militia" was the National Guard of the several States. Everyone else was part of the "reserve militia," which later statutes labeled the "unorganized militia."Item type:Item, National Firearms Act, Pub. L. No. 73-474, 48 Stat. 1236 (1934).(1934)Requires registration and taxation of certain firearms such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and suppressors, and regulates their manufacture, transfer, and possession under federal law.Item type:Item, 1907-08 Okla. Sess. Laws 562, ch. 59, art. 1, § 1(1908)The governor of the state shall be the commander-in-chief of the militia, and as such shall have supreme command of the military forces of the state while in the service of the state, or until they are ordered and accepted into the service of the United States. While in the service of the state, he shall have power at any time to muster out any militia organization of the state, and he may discharge any enlisted man, and he may cause to be mustered out and discharged any commissioned officers who shall wilfully [sic] neglect the duties of his office, or shall fail to properly account for public property or money in his possession, as such officer.Item type:Item, 1909 Idaho Sess. Laws 55(1909)An Act to Define the Crime of Burglary with Explosives and Providing the Punishment Therefor, and Declaring an Emergency, § 1: Enhanced the sentence of any person who, with intent to commit crime, breaks and enters into any building, and attempts to open any vault, safe, or other secure place within said building by using nitro-glycerine, dynamite, gunpowder, or any other explosive, shall be deemed guilty of burglary with explosives. Violators imprisoned for a period of not less than ten, nor more than twenty-five years.Item type:Item, 1903 Haw. Terr. Sess. Laws 55(1903)Ch. 8, § 25: Granted the Board of Supervisors of each county the jurisdiction and power to adopt rules and regulations for the keeping and storing of powder, Hercules powder, giant powder, kerosene, coal oil, benzoin, naptha, or other explosive or combustible materials.Item type:Item, 1921 Wyo. Sess. Laws 101(1921)It shall be unlawful for any person to take, kill, wound or destroy any of the game fish of this State by the use of any revolver, pistol, shot gun, rifle or fire arms of any kind or nature.Item type:Item, 1925 Wyo. Sess. Laws 110(1925)Every person not being a citizen of the United States, who shall own, possess, wear or carry any dirk, pistol, shot gun, rifle, or other fire arm, bowie knife, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, shall upon conviction thereof, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined in any sum not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00) nor more than one hundred dollars ($100.00) or imprisoned in the county jail not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.Item type:Item, Revised Ordinances and Charter of the City of Laramie 90 (1900)(1900)Any person who shall, within this city, fire or discharge any cannon, gun, fowling piece, pistol, revolver or firearm of any description, without permission from the council, or written permission from the mayor, or who shall, upon the street, sidewalks or alleys of the City of Laramie, fire, explode or set off any squib, cracker or other thing containing powder or other combustible material, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction be fined in a sum not less than five nor more than twenty-five dollars, for each and every offenseItem type:Item, 1919 Wyo. Sess. Laws 17(1919)It shall be unlawful for any person or company to store any gunpowder or any other explosive material at a less distance than one thousand feet from any house or habitation, when more than fifty pounds are at the same place; but it shall be unlawful to place or to keep any powder or other explosive material, in any house or building occupied as a residence, or in any outbuilding pertaining thereto.Item type:Item, 1925 Wyo. Sess. Laws 259(1925)Prohibits unauthorized armed military organizations from forming or publicly parading without the Governor’s license and bars public funding for them, punishable by fines, imprisonment, or both.Item type:Item, Revised Ordinances and Charter of the City of Laramie 89 (1900)(1900)Hereafter it shall be unlawful for any person in the City of Laramie to keep, carry or bear upon the person any sling, catapult, spring or air gun, or nigger shooter, used for the hurling of missiles or stones, and every person violating the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction, be fined in a sum not exceeding five dollars.Item type:Item, 1921 Wyo. Sess. Laws 112–13(1921)It shall be unlawful for any person to take into the game fields or forests of this State, or have in possession while in the game fields or forests of this State, or to have in possession while out for the purpose of hunting the game animals or game birds of this State any device or mechanism designed to silence or muffle or minimize the report of any firearm, whether such device or mechanism be separated or attached to any firearm or not.Item type:Item, 1933 Wyo. Sess. Laws 117(1933)All wholesalers, retailers, dealers and pawn brokers are hereby required to keep a record of all firearms which may come into their possession, whether new or second hand, which record shall be known as the Firearms Register. Such register shall contain the following information, to wit: the name of the manufacturer, person, persons, firm or corporation from whom the firearm was obtained, the date of its acquisition, its manufacturer's number, its color, its caliber, whether the same is new or second hand, whether it is automatic, a revolver, a single shot pistol, a rifle, a shot gun or a machine gun, the name of the party to whom said firearm is sold in such purchasers handwriting and the date of such saleItem type:Item, 1915 Wyo. Sess. Laws ch. 91 sec. 13(1915)This law requires most non-citizens (aliens) in Wyoming to obtain a $25 annual gun and fish license before possessing firearms or fishing equipment, with exemptions for certain residents, taxpayers, settlers, employees, and holders of a $50 hunting license. Violations are punishable by fines of $25–$100, with imprisonment at the rate of one day per unpaid dollar until fines and costs are paid, and unauthorized firearms or fishing equipment may be seized and confiscated by law enforcement.Item type:Item, 1913 Wyo. Sess. Laws 165(1913)Required nonresidents obtain a license for $5 from the Justice of the Peace in order to hunt game birds in the state.Item type:Item, 1907 Wyo. Sess. Laws 96(1907)To regulate and prevent the transportation and storage of gunpowder or other explosive or combustible articles. . .Item type:Item, Charter and General Ordinances of Madison 292–93 (1917)(1917)Every person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the business of selling firearms at retail in the city of Madison, shall at the close of business on each day during which any such person, firm, association or corporation shall sell any firearms, make a report to the chief of police, giving a brief description of each firearm sold and the name and address of the purchaser. It shall be unlawful for any person, except policemen or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or revolver, slung shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of Madison. No person shall fire or discharge any cannon, or fire arm of any description, or any air gun, or fire, explode, or set off any squib, cracker or other thing containing powder. No person shall sell or place on sale, or give away or fire or explode any toy, cap or cartridge pistol or any fire cracker exceeding § inch in diameter and 2 inches in length; nor any so-called "dago bomb" or any similar bomb unless used for exhibition purposes and then only by an experienced agent."Item type:Item, 1928-1929 Wis. Sess. Laws 157(1929)Prohibited owning, using, or possession a machine gun. Punishable by imprisonment of 1-15 years.Item type:Item, 1931-1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 778(1931)Prohibited selling, possessing, using, or transporting a machine gun, automatic firearm, bomb, hand grenade, projectile, shell, or other container that can contain tear or other gas. Punishable by imprisonment for 1-3 years.Item type:Item, 1931–1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 245–47(1933)Prohibited using or possessing a machine gun during an attempted violent crime; punishable by imprisonment of minimum 20 years. Prohibited use of a machine gun for offensive or aggressive purposes; punishable by imprisonment of minimum 10 years.Item type:Item, 1931–1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 778(1933)Prohibited selling, possessing, using, or transporting a machine gun, automatic firearm, bomb, hand grenade, projectile, shell, or other container that can contain tear or other gas. Punishable by imprisonment for 1-3 years.Item type:Item, 1921 Wis. Sess. Laws 870(1921)No person shall hunt game with any means other than the use of a gun held at arm's length and discharged from the shoulder; or place, spread or set any net, pitfall, spring gun, pivot gun, swivel gun, or other similar contrivance for the purpose of catching, or which might catch, take or ensnare game . . . and no person shall carry with him in any automobile any gun or rifle unless the same is unloaded, and knocked down or unloaded and inclosed within a carrying case[.]Item type:Item, 1919 Wis. Sess. Laws 281–82(1919)to regulate the storage of gunpowder and other dangerous materialsItem type:Item, 1911 Wis. Sess. Laws 227–28(1911)§ 1. . . § 4393a-1. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to manufacture gunpowder or black blasting powder in any quantity whatsoever within the corporate limits of any city or village or within one hundred rods of any occupied dwelling house or any church, schoolhouse, town hall, depot or other place in which people are accustomed to assemble. § 4393a-2. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation engaged in the manufacture of gunpowder or black blasting powder to store, or permit to be stored on the land or premises where gunpowder or black blasting powder is manufactured, any dynamite or explosive other than that manufactured at such gunpowder or black blasting powder manufacturing plant or within one mile of any plant where gunpowder of black blasting powder is manufactured.Item type:Item, 1911 Wis. Sess. Laws 572(1911)§ 1728f. 1. No child under the age of eighteen years shall be employed . . . in or about establishments where nitroglycerine, dynamite, dualin, guncotton, gunpowder or other high or dangerous explosive is manufactured, compounded or stored[.]Item type:Item, 1917 Wis. Sess. Laws 1243–44(1917)No owner of lands embraced within any such wild life refuge, and no other person whatever, shall hunt or trap within the boundaries of any wild life refuge, state park, or state fish hatchery lands; nor have in his possession or under his control therein any gun or rifle, unless the same is unloaded and knocked down or enclosed within its carrying case; but nothing herein shall prohibit, prevent, or interfere with the state conservation commission or its deputies agents or employees in the destruction of injurious animals.Item type:Item, 1911 Wis. Sess. Laws 92(1911)§ 1. . . Section 4410m. 1. Any person who, with intent to commit crime, breaks and enters either by day or by night, any building, whether inhabited or not, and opens or attempts to open any vault, safe, or other secure place by nitroglycerine, dynamite, gunpowder, or any other explosive, shall be deemed guilty of burglary with explosives. 2. Any person duly convicted of burglary with explosives shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not less than fifteen nor more than forty years.Item type:Item, 1913 Wis. Sess. Laws 655(1913)and it shall also be unlawful for any person carrying or being in possession of a gun to run or use a pointer or setter dog or dogs in the field, or upon lands frequented by or upon which game birds may be found between the first day of August and the seventh day of September. . .Item type:Item, 1925 W. Va. Acts 25(1925)Prohibited unlicensed carrying of a pistol, dirk, Bowie knife, slungshot, razor, billy, metallic or other false knuckles, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon. Punishable by imprisonment for 6-12 months for the first offense, and for 1-5 years for subsequent offenses, and in either case, a fine of $50-200.Item type:Item, 1909 W. Va. Acts 59(1909)Ch. 2, art. 4, § 7: [T]o regulate or prohibit the keeping of gun powder and other combustible or dangerous articles[.]Item type:Item, 1909 W.Va. Acts 479-80(1909)Ch. 60, § 19: The carrying of any uncased gun in any of the fields or woods of this state, by any person not having the lawful right to hunt, pursue or kill game, birds or animals in such fields or woods shall, as to such person, other than the bona fide owner, or owners of such fields or woods, his or their child or children, tenant or tenants, lessee or lessees, be deemed prima facie evidence of a violation of this sectionItem type:Item, 1915 W. Va. Acts 404(1915)Reg. Sess., Municipal Charters, ch. 11, § 16, pt. 25: To regulate the keeping, handling and transportation of explosives and dangerous combustibles within the municipality; and to regulate or prohibit the use of fire crackers, sky rockets, toy pistols, air rifles or guns, within the said municipality.Item type:Item, 1925 W. Va. Acts 30-31(1925)Ch. 3, § 7(b): Prohibited publicly displaying for rent or sale any revolver, pistol, dirk, Bowie knife, slungshot, other dangerous weapon, machine gun, submachine gun, or high powered rifle. Requires dealers to keep a register. Prohibited selling, renting, giving, or lending any of these weapons to an unnaturalized person.Item type:Item, 1905 W. Va. Acts 70(1905)Ch. 3, § 46: The council shall have power to pass ordinances prohibiting the firing of guns, crackers, roman candles, sky-rockets, or any other fireworks, or the throwing of fire balls, or the firing of any other combination of gunpowder or other combustible or dangerous material within the city. . .Item type:Item, 1901 W. Va. Acts 197(1901)An Act to Amend and Re-Enact Sections Two and Thirteen of Chapter Sixty-Two of the Code of One Thousand Eight Hundred and Ninety-Nine, ch. 89, § 1: No person shall shoot in the public road at any time, nor when shooting on the lands of another shall discharge any firearms on any lawn, pleasure ground or orchard or other ground which is directly appurtenant to or within gunshot of an occupied dwelling house. The penalty for violating this section shall be a fine of not less than five dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars, or imprisonment not more than twenty days, or both, at the discretion of the court, and pay the cost of the prosecution.Item type:Item, 1901 W. Va. Acts 314, 320-21(1901)Act of Jan. 24, 1901, ch. 144, § 18: To regulate the keeping of gun powder and other inflammable or dangerous substances; to provide in or near the city places of burial of the dead, and to regulate the interment thereinItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 8, §§ 1 & 5, Washtucna Town Council (1903)(1903)All persons (Except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests) who shall carry upon their persons any concealed weapons consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms (except by written permit from the Town Marshal) or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling-shot or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury can be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person, in said Town, with intent to do bodily injury to such person; All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gallery duly licensed) who shall, within the Town limits, fire off and discharge any gun, pistol or firearm of any kind or bomb...