FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
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Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland 364-69, 371-72 (1911)(1911)These Portland laws regulated firearms, gunpowder, explosives, and other dangerous substances. They required licenses for selling or possessing larger quantities of gunpowder, established safe storage and transportation requirements, and restricted fireworks, blasting, silencers, and toy pistols. Gunpowder generally had to be securely stored, covered during transportation, and kept within specified quantity limits. Firearms could not generally be discharged within city limits. Carrying concealed or threateningly displaying deadly weapons was prohibited without a license, with exceptions for certain law enforcement officers. Violations could result in fines, imprisonment, seizure or forfeiture of weapons or explosives, and other penalties.Item type:Item, Del Cary Smith, Ordinances of the City of Port Townsend 25 (1890)(1890)Sections 3-5 prohibited carrying concealed weapons, brandishing firearms or other deadly weapons, and challenging another to fight (dueling).Item type:Item, Mont. Const. of 1889 art. III, § 13(1889)The right of any person to keep or bear arms in defense of his own home, person, and property, or in aid of the civil power when thereto legally summoned, shall not be called in question, but nothing herein contained shall be held to permit the carrying of concealed weaponsItem type:Item, 1899 Wyo. Rev. Stat. 1253, div. 5, tit. 1, ch. 3, § 5051(1899)Every person, not being a traveler, who shall wear or carry any dirk, pistol, bowie knife, dagger, sword-in-cane, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon concealed, or who shall carry or wear any such weapon openly, with the intent, or avowed purpose, of injuring his fellow- man, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.Item type:Item, 1885 Wis. Sess. Laws 1109(1885)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the carrying concealed of any pistol, revolver, sling shot, cross knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal, Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1883 Wis. Sess. Laws 990(1883)Authorized the city to prohibit and prevent the carry of any pistol, Bowie-knife, dirk, dagger, or other concealed and dangerous weapon, except as authorized by law.Item type:Item, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Superior 390 (1896)(1896)Section 18 prohibited carrying pistols, slingshots, knuckles, bowie knives, daggers, or other dangerous weapons within Superior, except by authorized officers, punishable by a $10–$100 fine. Section 19 prohibited discharging firearms or fireworks without mayoral permission, punishable by a $1–$50 fine, with exceptions for lawful defense, law enforcement, and gun-club shotgun practice.Item type:Item, 1885 Wis. Sess. Laws 753(1885)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the carrying concealed of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1891 Wis. Sess. Laws 186(1891)Authorized the city to regulate or prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, sling shot, cross knuckles, knuckles made of lead, brass, or other metal, or Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapons.Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 336(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal,, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1883 Wis. Sess. Laws 1034(1883)Authorized the city to prohibit and prevent the concealed carry of any pistol, sling-shot, knuckles, Bowie knife, dirk knife, dirk, or dagger, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1883 Wis. Sess. Laws 713(1883)Prohibited the carrying of a concealed pistol or colt, or slungshot, or cross knuckles or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal or Bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon. Punishable by confiscation of the weapon.Item type:Item, The General Ordinances of the City of Milwaukee 692–93 (Charles H. Hamilton, ed., 1896)(1896)It shall be unlawful for any person except policemen, regular or special, or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or colt, slung-shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie -knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of MilwaukeeItem type:Item, 1882 Wis. Sess. Laws 309(1882)Allowed the city to regulate the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1885 Wis. Sess. Laws 126(1885)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the carrying concealed of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, Bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 754(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, slung shot, knuckles, bowie knife, dirk, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1891 Wis. Sess. Laws 699(1891)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, slung shot, or cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, Bowie-knife, dirk-knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Charter and General Ordinances of Madison 292–93 (1917)(1917)Every person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the business of selling firearms at retail in the city of Madison, shall at the close of business on each day during which any such person, firm, association or corporation shall sell any firearms, make a report to the chief of police, giving a brief description of each firearm sold and the name and address of the purchaser. It shall be unlawful for any person, except policemen or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or revolver, slung shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of Madison. No person shall fire or discharge any cannon, or fire arm of any description, or any air gun, or fire, explode, or set off any squib, cracker or other thing containing powder. No person shall sell or place on sale, or give away or fire or explode any toy, cap or cartridge pistol or any fire cracker exceeding § inch in diameter and 2 inches in length; nor any so-called "dago bomb" or any similar bomb unless used for exhibition purposes and then only by an experienced agent."Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 684(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, The Municipal Code of Berlin §§ 483–86 (1890)(1890)It shall be unlawful for any person, within the limits of the City of Berlin, to carry or wear under his clothes, or concealed about his person, any pistol, colt or slung shot, cross knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal or bowie knife, dirk knife or dirk, razor or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1887 Wis. Sess. Laws 1308(1887)Authorized the city to regulate and prohibit the concealed carry of any pistol, sling shot, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal,, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Wis. Stat. Ann. 2226, §§ 4397-4397b (1889)(1889)Prohibited carrying concealed dangerous weapons, carrying pistols or revolvers by minors or intoxicated persons, and selling, lending, or giving pistols or revolvers to minors. It also prohibited the sale or use of toy firearms. Violations generally carried up to six months’ imprisonment, a fine up to $100, or both.Item type:Item, Wheeling Laws and Ordinances 204, 206 (1891)(1881)It shall be unlawful for any person to carry any slung shot, colt, or knucklers of lead, brass or other metal or material, or to carry about his person, hid from common observation, any pistol, dirk , bowie knife, or weapon of the like kind, without a permit in writing from the mayor so to do. It shall also be unlawful for any person or persons to sell or give away to a person not of age, any slung shot, colt, or knuckler or knucklers of lead, brass or other metal or material, or any pistol, dirk, bowie knife or weapon of the like kind."Item type:Item, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Olympia: Also General Laws of Washington Territory, Relative to the Government of Incorporated Cities and Towns 80 (1886)(1886)Section 2 prohibited drawing, exhibiting, or attempting to use a deadly weapon against another person within Olympia; violations carried a $25–$50 fine. Section 3 prohibited carrying a deadly weapon concealed on one’s person within Olympia; violations carried a $5–$10 fine. Section 4 prohibited discharging any gun, pistol, or firearm within a specified area of Olympia; violations were punishable by a $5–$20 fine, 5–10 days’ imprisonment, or both.Item type:Item, 1883 Wash. Sess. Laws 302, ch. 6, § 29, pt. 15(1883)Authorized City of Snohomish to regulate and prohibit carrying concealed deadly weapons and to prohibit using guns, pistols, firearms, firecrackers, bombs, and explosives.Item type:Item, 1883 Wash. Sess. Laws 139-40(1883)An Act to Incorporate the City of Whatcom, Ch. 2, § 8: The city of Whatcom shall have the power to prevent injury or annoyance from anything dangerous, offensive, or unhealthy . . . to regulate and prohibit the carrying of deadly weapons in a concealed manner; to regulate and prohibit the use of guns, pistols and firearms, fire-crackers, bombs and detonating works of all descriptions[.]Item type:Item, An Ordinance Relating to Offenses and Disorderly Conduct, § 3, Olympia City Council (1882)(1882)Ordinance No. 152, § 3: Any [per]son who shall, in the usual walks of life, within the limits of the City of Olympia carry any deadly weapon concealed about his person, shall be liable to a fine of not more than ten or less than five dollarsItem type:Item, The Revised Statutes and Codes of the State of Washington 1042, § 6354 (Edward D. McLaughlin ed., 1896)(1883)§ 6354: Provided than any person who carried any weapon concealed on their person would be guilty of a misdemeanorItem type:Item, 1885-86 Wash. Terr. Sess. Laws 81-82(1886)Prohibited the concealed carry of any revolver, pistol, or other firearms, or any knife, dirk, dagger, sling shot, metal knuckles, any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of another. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, fined by not less than twenty but no more than one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not more than thirty days, or both fine and imprisonment.Item type:Item, 1881 Wash. Code 181(1881)Criminal Procedure, Offenses Against Public Policy, Ch. 73, § 929: Prohibited the carrying of "any concealed weapon." Punishable by fine up to $100 or imprisonment up to 30 days.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 8, §§ 1 & 5, Washtucna Town Council (1903)(1903)All persons (Except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests) who shall carry upon their persons any concealed weapons consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms (except by written permit from the Town Marshal) or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling-shot or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury can be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person, in said Town, with intent to do bodily injury to such person; All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gallery duly licensed) who shall, within the Town limits, fire off and discharge any gun, pistol or firearm of any kind or bomb...Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 56, §§ 15-16, Wenatchee City Council (1902)(1902)No person, except a police officer shall have or carry any bowie knife, pistol, sling shot, sand bag or other weapon concealed on or about his or her person; or fire or discharge any gun, rifle, fowling piece, pistol or other firearm within the limits of the town without a permit from the mayor and marshal.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. A 236, §§ 1 (Pts. 1, 7, 12, 21, & 31), 9, 10, 26, 37, & 39, Yakima City Council (1917)(1917)Any person in said city, except police officers and other persons who are authorized by law or have obtained proper authority so to do from the Chief of Police of said city, who shall carry or wear in any manner concealed upon his or her person, any dirk, dagger, stilletto, bowie-knife, sword-cane, gun, pistol, revolver sling-shot, metal knuckles, or any other dangerous weapon or instrument which may be used to inflict injury upon the person of another. Any person in said city, except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to make arrestes, who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use, any deadly weapon with intent to do bodily injury to another, or with the intention of intimidating such other person.-Any person in said city, except police officers engaged in the lawful discharge of their duty, and persons practicing at target shooting in a duly licensed shooting gallery, who shall fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or fire arm of any kind within the city limits...or who shall sell or give, or permit to be sold or given away to any person under the age of twenty one-years any intoxicating liquor, cigar, cigarette, cigarette paper or wrapping, or tobacco in any form; or who shall sell, or give, or permit to be sold or given to any person under the age of eighteen years, any revolver, or pistolItem type:Item, Ordinance No. A-17, § 1, Wilbur Town Council (1894)(1894)If any person shall carry upon his person any concealed weapons, consisting of either a revolver or pistol or other fire arms, or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife), or any dirk or dagger, slung shot or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of another, within the corporate limits of the Town of Wilbur, they shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than five (5) dollars nor more than One hundred dollars ($100.00) or imprisoned in the town calaboose not more than thirty (30) days, or by both such fines and imprisonment in the discretion of the court, provided that this section shall not apply to police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants, or make arrests.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 3, § 1, Washougal Town Council (1908)(1909)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests] who shall carry upon his or her person any concealed weapon consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckles, or any instrument by use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person in said town. And, all persons (except police officers as aforesaid and persons practicing at shooting in a shooting gallery duly licensed) who shall, within the town limits, fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or firearm of any kind, or any bomb, shall be deemed and are disorderly persons and guilty of a misdemeanorItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 520, § 2, Vancouver City Council, (1910)(1910)Any person or persons who shall draw any species of fire arms or any dagger, dirk or knife or any other deadly or dangerous weapon upon the person of another or shall conceal upon his person any of the above weapons or any dangerous weapon, excepting a peace officer in the discharge of his official duties, within the limits of the City of Vancouver, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 377, §§ 2-4, Wenatchee City Council (1911)(1911)It shall be unlawful for any person to carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver, pistol or other firearm or any knife (other than an ordinary pock§et knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckle or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of another person, provided, that this section shall not ap§ply to police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or to make arrests.It shall be unlawful for any person to draw any species of firearm or any dirk, dagger, knife or other dangerous or deadly weapon in the presence of another with intent to intimidate, an§noy or injure another person. FIRING ARMS OR EXPLOSIVES. It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any cannon, gun, pistol, revolver, or any firearm of any description, or fire, or explode, or set off any squib, cire cracker, torpedo or other thing containing powder or other explosive material, except on days of public celebration or jubilee, and then only in the manner provided by the Ordinances of the City of Wenatchee.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 79, §§ 2, 3, & 15, Yakima City Council (1910)(1910)It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any pistol, gun, rifle, cannon, or any description of firearms within the corporate limits of said city. It shall be unlawful for any person not being a police officer or not having a permit from the mayor, to carry concealed about his person, any pistol, sling shot, brass or iron knuckle, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 3, § 1, Ridgefield Town Council (1909)(1909)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests) who shall carry upon his or her person any concealed weapon consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms or knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or dirk, sling shot, or metal knuckles, or any instrument by use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person in said town; And, all persons (except police officers as aforesaid and persons practicing in a shooting gallery duly licensed) who shall, within the town limits fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or fire arm of any kind, except by permit from the mayor or any bomb, shall be deemed and are disorderly persons, and guilty of a misdemeanor.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 13, §§ 1 & 7, Othello Town Council (1911)(1911)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests) who shall carry upon their persons any concealed weapons, consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms (except by written permit from the Chief of Police) or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckles or any instrument by the use of which in§jury can be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person. All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person within said town with intent to do bodily injury to such person. All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gal§lery, duly licensed) who shall in the town limits fire off or discharge any gun or pistol or firearm of any kind, or bomb...