FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
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- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
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Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland 364-69, 371-72 (1911)(1911)These Portland laws regulated firearms, gunpowder, explosives, and other dangerous substances. They required licenses for selling or possessing larger quantities of gunpowder, established safe storage and transportation requirements, and restricted fireworks, blasting, silencers, and toy pistols. Gunpowder generally had to be securely stored, covered during transportation, and kept within specified quantity limits. Firearms could not generally be discharged within city limits. Carrying concealed or threateningly displaying deadly weapons was prohibited without a license, with exceptions for certain law enforcement officers. Violations could result in fines, imprisonment, seizure or forfeiture of weapons or explosives, and other penalties.Item type:Item, Charter and General Ordinances of Madison 292–93 (1917)(1917)Every person, firm, association or corporation engaged in the business of selling firearms at retail in the city of Madison, shall at the close of business on each day during which any such person, firm, association or corporation shall sell any firearms, make a report to the chief of police, giving a brief description of each firearm sold and the name and address of the purchaser. It shall be unlawful for any person, except policemen or any officer authorized to serve process, to carry or wear concealed about his person, any pistol or revolver, slung shot, cross-knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass or other metal, or bowie knife, dirk knife, or dirk or dagger, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, within the limits of the city of Madison. No person shall fire or discharge any cannon, or fire arm of any description, or any air gun, or fire, explode, or set off any squib, cracker or other thing containing powder. No person shall sell or place on sale, or give away or fire or explode any toy, cap or cartridge pistol or any fire cracker exceeding § inch in diameter and 2 inches in length; nor any so-called "dago bomb" or any similar bomb unless used for exhibition purposes and then only by an experienced agent."Item type:Item, Ordinance No. A 236, §§ 1 (Pts. 1, 7, 12, 21, & 31), 9, 10, 26, 37, & 39, Yakima City Council (1917)(1917)Any person in said city, except police officers and other persons who are authorized by law or have obtained proper authority so to do from the Chief of Police of said city, who shall carry or wear in any manner concealed upon his or her person, any dirk, dagger, stilletto, bowie-knife, sword-cane, gun, pistol, revolver sling-shot, metal knuckles, or any other dangerous weapon or instrument which may be used to inflict injury upon the person of another. Any person in said city, except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to make arrestes, who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use, any deadly weapon with intent to do bodily injury to another, or with the intention of intimidating such other person.-Any person in said city, except police officers engaged in the lawful discharge of their duty, and persons practicing at target shooting in a duly licensed shooting gallery, who shall fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or fire arm of any kind within the city limits...or who shall sell or give, or permit to be sold or given away to any person under the age of twenty one-years any intoxicating liquor, cigar, cigarette, cigarette paper or wrapping, or tobacco in any form; or who shall sell, or give, or permit to be sold or given to any person under the age of eighteen years, any revolver, or pistolItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 520, § 2, Vancouver City Council, (1910)(1910)Any person or persons who shall draw any species of fire arms or any dagger, dirk or knife or any other deadly or dangerous weapon upon the person of another or shall conceal upon his person any of the above weapons or any dangerous weapon, excepting a peace officer in the discharge of his official duties, within the limits of the City of Vancouver, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 377, §§ 2-4, Wenatchee City Council (1911)(1911)It shall be unlawful for any person to carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver, pistol or other firearm or any knife (other than an ordinary pock§et knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckle or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of another person, provided, that this section shall not ap§ply to police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or to make arrests.It shall be unlawful for any person to draw any species of firearm or any dirk, dagger, knife or other dangerous or deadly weapon in the presence of another with intent to intimidate, an§noy or injure another person. FIRING ARMS OR EXPLOSIVES. It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any cannon, gun, pistol, revolver, or any firearm of any description, or fire, or explode, or set off any squib, cire cracker, torpedo or other thing containing powder or other explosive material, except on days of public celebration or jubilee, and then only in the manner provided by the Ordinances of the City of Wenatchee.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 79, §§ 2, 3, & 15, Yakima City Council (1910)(1910)It shall be unlawful for any person to fire or discharge any pistol, gun, rifle, cannon, or any description of firearms within the corporate limits of said city. It shall be unlawful for any person not being a police officer or not having a permit from the mayor, to carry concealed about his person, any pistol, sling shot, brass or iron knuckle, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 13, §§ 1 & 7, Othello Town Council (1911)(1911)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests) who shall carry upon their persons any concealed weapons, consisting of a revolver, pistol or other firearms (except by written permit from the Chief of Police) or any knife (other than an ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckles or any instrument by the use of which in§jury can be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person. All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person within said town with intent to do bodily injury to such person. All persons (except peace officers as aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gal§lery, duly licensed) who shall in the town limits fire off or discharge any gun or pistol or firearm of any kind, or bomb...Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 25, §§ 1-3, Lamont Town Council (1911)(1911)It shall be unlawful for any person except officers of the Law, Police Officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants or make arrests, to carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver, pistol, or other fire-arm, or any knife, (other than an ordinary pocket knife), or any dirk, dagger, sling-shot, or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person.Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 7, §§ 1, 6, 11, & 20, Selah Town Council (1919)(1919)Any person in said Town except police officers and other persons authorized by law or have obtained proper authority so to do from the proper officer of said Town, who shall carry or wear in any manner concealed upon his or her person any dirk, dagger, stilletto, bowie-knife, sword, cane, gun, pistol, revolver, sling shot, metal knuckles or any other dangerous weapon or instrument which may be used to inflict injury upon the person of another.Any person in said Town except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to make arrests who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon with intent to do bodily injury to another, or with the intention of intimidating such other person. Any person in said Town except police officers engaged in the lawful discharge of their duty, and persons practicing at target shooting in a duly licensed shooting gallery, who shall fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or fire arm of any kind within the Town LimitsItem type:Item, Ordinance No. 7, § 1, Bucoda Town Council (1910)(1910)All persons (except police officers and other persons whose duty it is to execute process or warrants, or make arrests) who shall carry upon his person any concealed weapon, consisting of either a revolver or other firearm or any knife, (other than ordinary pocket knife) or any dirk or dagger, sling shot or metal knuckles, or any instrument by the use of which injury could be inflicted upon the person or property of any other person. All persons (except police officers as aforesaid) who shall draw, exhibit or attempt to use any deadly weapon upon, to or against another person in said town (excepting in necessary defence of person or property) with intent to bodily injure to such person. All persons (except police officers aforesaid and persons practicing at target shooting in a shooting gallery, duly licensed) who shall upon any of the public streets of this town, fire off or discharge any gun, pistol or firearm of any kind, or any bombItem type:Item, 1927 R.I. Pub. Laws 256, ch. 1052, §§ 1, 3(1927)Prohibited a person who has previously been convicted of a violent crime from owning, carrying, or possessing any firearm (including machine gun or pistol).Item type:Item, 1931 Pa. Laws 498, No. 158, § 4-6(1931)Prohibited individuals convicted of violent crimes from owning, possessing or having a firearm under their control.Item type:Item, 1925 Or. Gen. and Special Laws 469-75(1925)it shall be unlawful for any person within this state to carry concealed upon his person or within any vehicle which is under his control or direction any pistol, revolver or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person without having a license to carry such firearm, as hereinafter provided in section 8 hereofItem type:Item, 1933 Or. Laws 489, ch. 315, §§ 3-4(1933)Prohibited possession of a machine gun. Also Prohibited carrying a concealed machine gun, pistol, revolver, or other firearm.Item type:Item, 1917 Or. Gen. and Special Laws 804, ch. 377, § 1-11(1917)No person shall carry in any city, town, or municipal corporation of this State any pistol, revolver or other firearm concealed upon his or her person, or of a size which may be concealed upon his or her person, without a license or permit therefor, issued to him or her by a chief of police or sheriff of such city, town or municipal corporation, or in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance of such city, town or municipal corporation. This section, however, shall not apply to sheriffs and their deputies, constables, marshals, police officers or any other duly appointed peace officers, nor to any person or persons summoned by such officers to assist in making arrest or preserving the peace while said person or persons are engaged in assisting such officers; nor to duly authorized military organizations when parading, nor to members thereof when going to and from places of meeting of their respective organizations.Item type:Item, 1923 N.D. Laws 380-83(1923)Ch. 266, § 2: Commiting Crime When Armed. If any person shall commit or attempt to commit a crime when armed with a pistol or revolver, and having no permit to carry the same, he shall be in addition to the punishment provided for the crime, be punished by imprisonment for not less than ten years.Item type:Item, 1915 N.D. Laws 96(1915)Ch. 83, §§ 1-3, 5: Prohibited the concealed carrying of any instrument or weapon usually known as a blackjack, slungshot, billy, sandclub, sandbag, bludgeon, metal knuckles, or any sharp or dangerous weapon, any gun, revolver, pistol, or "other dangerous fire arm," nitroglycerin, dynamite, or any other dangerous or violent explosive.Item type:Item, 1917 N.C. Sess. Laws 134(1917)Pub. Laws, ch. 76, § 1: If anyone except on his own premises shall carry concealed about his person any pistol or gun, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than two hundred dollars, or imprisoned not less than thirty days nor more than two years, at the discretion of the court.Item type:Item, 1911 N.Y. Laws 443(1911)Ch. 195: The "Sullivan Law." Expanded criminal possession of all handguns, concealed or otherwise, without a government-issued license. Later amended in 1913 such that Magistrates could issue only if applicants proved "good moral character" and "proper cause." 1913 N. Y. Laws ch. 608, §1, p. 1629.Item type:Item, Richmond, Mo., Rev. Ordinances no. 31, § 10 (1910)(1910)A law regulating weapons: carrying concealed or in certain places, brandishing, and sales to minors, Ordinance No. 31, § 10: If any person shall carry, concealed upon or about his person any deadly or dangerous weapon, or shall go into any church or place where people have assembled for religious worship, or into any school room where people have assembled for educational, literary or social purposes, or to any election precinct on any election day, or into any court room during the setting of court, or into any other public assemblage of persons met for lawful purpose, other than for military drill or meetings called under the militia law of this state, having upon or about his person, any kind of fire-arms, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, slung shot or other deadly weapon, or shall, in the presence of one or more persons, exhibit such weapon in a rude, angry and threatening manner, or shall have or carry any such weapon upon or about his person when intoxicated or under the influence of intoxicating drink, or shall directly or indirectly loan or barter to any minor, any such weapon without the consent of the parent or guardian of such minor, he shall upon conviction be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the city prison not less than five days nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment."Item type:Item, Bevier, Mo., Rev. Ordinances ch. 21, art. 1, §§ 329-330 (1903)(1910)Ch. 21, Art. 1, §§ 329-330: Ordinances that prohibit carrying concealed weapons, bringing weapons to certain places, and selling weapons to minors: If any person shall carry concealed upon or about his person any deadly or dangerous weapon, or shall go into any church or place where people have assembled for religious worship, or into any school-room or place where people are assembled for educational, literary or social purposes, or to any election precinct on any election day, or into any court-room during the sitting of court, or into any other public assemblage of persons met for any lawful purpose, other than for militia drill, or meetings called under the militia law of this state, having upon or about his person any kind of fire-arms, bowie-knife, dirk, dagger, slung-shot, or other deadly weapon, or shall, in the presence of one or more persons, exhibit any such weapon in a rude, angry or threatening manner, or shall have or carry any such weapon upon or about his person when intoxicated, or under the influence of intoxicating drinks, or shall, directly or indirectly, sell or deliver, loan or barter to any minor any such weapon, without the consent of the parent or guardian of such minor, he shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the city jail not less than five days nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (§ 16, Ord. 109.)Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 126: An Ordinance Relating to the Carrying of Concealed Weapons, in The Virginia Enterprise, Feb. 9, 1912, at 12(1912)No person shall go armed with a dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, revolver, air-gun, stiletto, metallic knuckles, pocket billie, sand bag, skull cracker, sling shot, razor or other offensive and dangerous weapon or instrument concealed upon his person, within the limits of the City of Virginia. Provided this ordinance shall not apply to public officers of the City of Virginia when on duty, nor to any person whose occupation or business may seem to require the carrying of weapons for protection, and who shall have obtained from the Mayor of said city a license so to do.Item type:Item, 1925 Mich. Pub. Acts 473-476(1925)An Act to Regulate the Possession and Sale of Pistols, Revolvers and Guns; to Provide a Method of Licensing Those Carrying Such Weapons Concealed; and to Provide Penalties for Violations of Such Regulations, § 5: No person shall carry a pistol, revolver or gun concealed on or about his person or in any vehicle owned or operated by him, except in his dwelling house, place of business or on his premises, without a license therefor, as hereinafter provided.§Item type:Item, 1912 N.J. Laws 364(1912)Ch. 225, 1: Any person who shall carry any revolver, pistol, firearm, bludgeon, blackjack, knuckles, sand-bag, slung-shot or other deadly, offensive or dangerous weapon, or any stiletto, dagger or razor or any knife with a blade five inches in length or over concealed in or about his clothes or person, shall be guilty of a misdemeanorItem type:Item, 1913 Iowa Acts 307(1913)Ch. 297, §§ 1, 2: Prohibited the carrying of a concealed dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, revolver, stiletto, metallic knuckles, picket billy, sandbag, skull cracker, slungshot, or other offensive and dangerous weapons or instruments. Also prohibited the selling, keeping for sale, offering for sale, loaning, or giving away any dirk, dagger, stiletto, metallic knuckles, sandbag, or "skull cracker." Exempted the selling or keeping for sale of "hunting and fishing knives."Item type:Item, Lawrence P. Conover, Revised Ordinances of the Village of Hinsdale, Illinois 1912, at 168-69 (1912)(1912)Chapter 26-Concealed Weapons, §§ 1-8. Undated: Prohibited concealed carry of any pistol, colt, slung-shot, cross knuckles, knuckles of lead, brass, or other metal, or Bowie-knife, dirk, dagger, or other dangerous or deadly weapon. Violators shall have weapons confiscated, arrested before a warrant is issued, fined not less than five nor more than two hundred dollars.Item type:Item, 1917 Idaho Sess. Laws 461(1917)An Act . . . To Regulate the Use and Carrying of Concealed Deadly Weapons: Prohibited the concealed carry of any dirk, dirk-knife, Bowie-knife, dagger, slingshot, pistol, revolver, gun, or any other deadly or dangerous weaponItem type:Item, The Code of Colorado Springs: Comprising Article XX of the Constitution of the State of Colorado, the Charter, Amendments Thereto, and General Ordinances of the City of Colorado Springs, Colorado 274-75 (Frank Exline ed., 1914)(1914)Prohibited the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, Bowie-knife, dirk, or other deadly weapon. Prohibited the display or flourish of any deadly weapon in a threatening or boisterous manner.Item type:Item, City Ordinances of the City of Needles, in The Needles Eye, November 29, 1913, at 3(1913)Chapter 4, Article 4-Concealed Weapons, §§ 60-61. Approved November 28, 1913. Volume 25, Number 48. (Needles, California): Prohibited concealed carry of pistol, revolver, dirk, derringer, dagger, Bowie-knife, razor, brass knuckles, slung-shot, sand-bag, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1917 Cal. Stat. 221-25(1917)Prohibited the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, or other firearm without a license. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor. Also declared the unlawful carry or possession of any of the above items as a nuisance, to be confiscated by the police and surrendered to a judge. Confiscated weapons are to be destroyed at the end of the year.