FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, National Firearms Act, Pub. L. No. 73-474, 48 Stat. 1236 (1934).(1934)Requires registration and taxation of certain firearms such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and suppressors, and regulates their manufacture, transfer, and possession under federal law.Item type:Item, Revised Ordinances and Charter of the City of Laramie 89 (1900)(1900)Hereafter it shall be unlawful for any person in the City of Laramie to keep, carry or bear upon the person any sling, catapult, spring or air gun, or nigger shooter, used for the hurling of missiles or stones, and every person violating the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction, be fined in a sum not exceeding five dollars.Item type:Item, A. McMicken, The Revised Ordinances of the City of Rawlins 131–32 (1893)(1893)Prohibited a person from possessing or carrying a pistol, revolver, knife, slungshot, bludgeon or other lethal weapon. Punishable by fine up to $100 or imprisonment up to 30 days.Item type:Item, Laws of the University of Vermont State Agricultural College, ch. 6, §§ 4, 9 (1885)(1885)Sec. 4: Rooms shall be held by students subject to the condition that all rules, for securing quiet, order, and cleanliness in the rooms, halls, and premises, are strictly observed. Any violation of these rules, either by themselves or visitors, shall subject the occupants to forfeiture of their right to the room. Self-boarding in any of the rooms; the keeping of a dog or cat; cutting or splitting wood in the rooms or halls; shouting, or throwing anything, from the windows; pasting pictures on or otherwise injuring the walls; loud and boisterous noises in the rooms or halls; playing on musical instruments during recitation hours or after ten o'clock at night; gatherings of students in the rooms after the same hour; the keeping of fire-arms or gunpowder except under direction of the Military Instructor; bringing into the rooms any fermented or distilled liquors; are prohibited. Sec. 9. No student shall use gun powder or fire-arms in the buildings, or on the adjacent grounds of the University, except under direction of the Military Instructor. No smoking shall be allowed in any of the halls or public rooms of the University; nor shall any intoxicating drinks be brought upon the University premises."Item type:Item, By-Laws of the University of South Carolina, Regulations of the Faculty 35-37 (1867)(1867)§ 6: Students are strictly forbidden to visit bar-rooms, grog-shops, or disorderly houses; or to use, or bring within the precincts of the University, any intoxicating liquors; or to have about their persons, or keep in their rooms, any deadly weapon, which may be secretly carried: upon pain of admonition, suspension, or report for expulsion, at the discretion of the Faculty. Any student who shall be guilty of any atrocious or infamous offence, who shall fight a duel, or give or accept a challenge to fight a duel, or who shall carry any challenge to fight a duel, or act as a second to those who shall give or accept a challenge, shall be forthwith suspended from the University, and reported for expulsion."Item type:Item, Annual Message of the Mayor and Annual Reports of the City Controller, Commissioners of the Water and Lighting Department, City Engineer, Building Inspector, Sanitary Committee, Chief of Police, Superintendent of the fire and Police Alarm Telegraph, Chief Engineer of the Fire Department and Ordinances Passed and approved During the Session of 1895, of the City of Harrisburg, Penna., for the Year 1895, at 180 (1897)(1895)§That any person who shall discharge any bow guns, air guns, sling shots, or play the game of catty, shinny or golf or any device dangerous to person or property, shall upon conviction thereof before the mayor or any alderman be fined not less than two nor more than twenty dollars, and in default of payment thereof be imprisoned not exceeding five days. § 3. That any person or persons found in possession of any bow gun, air gun, sling shot, or any device the use of which is dangerous to person or property, shall upon conviction thereof, before the mayor or any alderman, be subject to the same penalty as though discovered in the act of using the same.Item type:Item, 33 THE DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 739 (John Kaminski et al. eds., 2019).(1787)Ordered the collection of all public arms to have them repaired in Philadelphia.Item type:Item, Ordinance no. 26, §§ 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 42, 45, & 46, GRANTS PASS, REVISED ORDINANCES OF THE CITY (Rogue River Courier Print 1894) (Approved 1889).(1889)Regulated the brandishing, possession, discharge, and concealed carry of firearms.Item type:Item, 1919 N.D. Laws 173-74(1919)Ch. 134, § 8: Any person traveling in any manner in any part of this state off the public highway, outside the immediate bounds of the inhabited parts of any village, town or city in possession of any kind of a shot gun, with or without a dog or dogs commonly used or kept for the purposes of hunting any game birds mentioned in this Act, from the first day of July to the fifteenth day of September (both inclusive) each year, shall be presumed to have violated or attempted to so violate the provisions of this Act as to unlawful hunting, shooting or taking of game birds, as mentioned in this Act, the hunting, taking, or shooting of which is prohibited during said time.Item type:Item, Acts of the General Assembly and Ordinances of the Trustees for the Organization and Government of the University of North Carolina 15 (1838)(1838)Ch. 5, § 13: Prohibited students from keeping any firearms or gunpowder at the college. Prohibited keeping, carrying, or owning any sword, dirk, sword-cane, or other deadly weapon. Prohibited use of firearms without the permission of the college president.Item type:Item, 1931 N.Y. Laws 1033(1931)Ch. 435, § 1; Prohibited using an imitation pistol and carrying or possessing a black-jack, slungshot, billy, sandclub, sandbag, metal knuckles, bludgeon, dagger, dirk, dangerous knife, razor, stiletto, imitation pistol, machine gun, sawed off shot-gun, or ay other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, Minn. Stat. ch. 54, tit. 3, §§ 64-65 (1873)(1873)Of Crimes and Their Punishment, Setting Spring Guns Unlawful, § 64-65: Prohibited the setting of any trap gun, spring gun, or putting a pistol, rifle, or other deadly weapon "in this state." . Punished by imprisonment for at least 6 months or a fine of up to $500 if no injury results; imprisonment for up to 5 years if non-fatal injury results; and imprisonment for 10-15 years if death results.Item type:Item, Thomas Wetmore, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Boston 142-43 (1834)(1783)§§ 1-2: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled and by the authority of the same, That if any person shall take into any dwelling house, stable, barn, out house, ware house, store, shop or other building within the town of Boston, any cannon, swivel, mortar, howitzer, cohorn, or fire arm, loaded with or having gunpowder in the same, or shall receive into any dwelling house, stable, barn, out house, store, ware house, shop, or other building within said town, any bomb, grenade, or other iron shell, charged with, or having gun powder in the same, such person shall forfeit and pay the sum of ten pounds, to be recovered at the suit of the firewards [duties of Firewards transferred to Engineers,] of the said towns, in an action of debt before any court proper to try the same; one moiety thereof, to the use of said Firewards, and the other moiety to the support of the poor of said town of BostItem type:Item, 1919 Mass. Acts 139(1919)An Act Relative to the Issuance of Search Warrants for the Seizure of Firearms, Weapons and Ammunition Kept for Unlawful Purposes, ch. 179, §§ 1-2: A court or justice authorized to issue warrants in criminal cases may, upon complaint under oath that the complainant believes that an unreasonable number of rifles, shot guns, pistols, revolvers or other dangerous weapons, or that an unnecessary quantity of ammunition, is kept or concealed for any unlawful purpose in a particular house or place, if satisfied that there is a reasonable cause for such belief, issue a warrant to search such property. § 2. If the court or justice finds that such property is kept for an unlawful purpose, it shall be forfeited and disposed of as the court or justice may by order direct.Item type:Item, 1927 Md. Laws 156(1927)ch. 117, § 388-B: Prohibited possession of liquor in an automobile that also carries a gun, pistol, revolver, rifle machine gun, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1887 N.M. Laws 55-58(1887)Ch. 30, § 1: That any person who shall hereafter carry a deadly weapon, either concealed or otherwise, on or about the settlements of this territory, except it be in his or her residence, or on his or her landed estate, and in the lawful defense of his or her person, family or property, the same being then and there threatened with danger, or except such carrying be done by legal authority, upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than three hundred, or by imprisonment not less than sixty days, nor more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court or jury trying the same.Item type:Item, 4 Jac. I, ch. 1 (1606)(1606)Repealed exemption for subjects living with 12 miles of the Scottish border for the keeping of crossbows, handguns, and demy hakes.Item type:Item, 22 & 23 Car. 2, c. 25 (1671)(1671)Prohibited any person "not having Lands and Tenements of the clear yearly value of One hundred pounds" from firearm possession.Item type:Item, 8 Stat. at Large, from the Twelfth Year of Queen Anne, to the Fifth Year of King George I: To which Is Prefixed, a Table Containing the Titles of all the Statutes During that Period 306–07 (Danby Pickering ed. 1764)(1716)CAP. LIV-An Act for the more effectual securing the Peace of the Highlands in Scotland, Enacted November 1, 1716 (anno primo Georgii I): Prohibited any person within the Scottish Highlands from possession any broad sword, target, poynard, whingar, durk, side-pistol or side-pistols, or gun, or any other warlike weapons. Violators shall forfeit such arms and fined not less than five nor more than forty pounds sterling, and imprisoned until such fine is paid.Item type:Item, Ordinances of the City of Bayonne, From 1869 to 1894, at 486 (1894)(1886)An Ordinance to Prevent Danger to Persons and Property and Malicious Mischief, 1-2: No person shall use or have in his or her possession on the public highways within the City limits, any instrument commonly known as a Bean Shooter, nor any instrument of a like character for throwing missless, under a penalty of Five Dollars for each offence, to be recovered from the person using or having the same in his or her possession.Item type:Item, 33 Hen. 8, ch. 6 (1541)(1541)1, 2, 18: Prohibited possession of any crossbow, handgun, hagbutt, or demy hake. Exempted subjects living within 12 miles of the Scottish border. Punishable by forfeiture or payment of 10 pounds.Item type:Item, An Ordinance Relating to Guns, Pistols, and Other Weapons, in The Pioneer Democrat, Jun. 11, 1887, at 2.(1887)That is shall be unlawful for any person or persons to come inside the corporate limits of this city with any gun, pistol, or weapon of any kind on his person or in his possession or charge. Provided, however, that the marshal or his deputy may permit any person or persons who is in his opinion should be permitted to pass through said city with their guns, pistols or other weapons, so to do.Item type:Item, Ordinances: City of Des Moines, Weapons; Concealed, § 209, in H.W. Byers et al., Revised Ordinances of the City of Des Moines 1916, at 325 (1916)(1900Sec. 496. Weapons; Concealed. It shall be unlawful for any person to carry under his clothes or concealed about his person, or found in his possession, any pistol or other firearms, slungshot, brass knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal or material, or any sand bag, air guns of any description, dagger, bowie knife, dirk knife, or other knife or instrument for cutting, stabbing or striking, or other dangerous or deadly weapon, instrument or device. Provided, that this section shall not be construed to prohibit any officer of the United States or of any state, or any peace officer from wearing or carrying such weapons as may be convenient, necessary and proper for the discharge of his official duties. (Ord. 349, § 57; Rev. Ord. 1889, ch. 16; Rev. Ord. 1900, § 209.) Sec. 497. Firearms; Discharge in City. No person shall fire or discharge any cannon, gun, fowling piece, pistol, toy pistol, throwing projectiles of any kind or character, or have in his possession any toy pistol, or firearms of any description, within the settled portion of the City, without permission from the Mayor or City Council, and such permission shall limit the time and place of such firing and may be revoked by the Mayor or City Council. (Ord. 349, § 58; Rev. Ord. 1889, ch. 16; Rev. Ord. 1900, § 210.) Sec. 498. Slungshot; Throwing Stones. No person shall have in his possession or use any sling or slungshot of any kind, nor shall any person wilfully or carelessly throw any stone, stick or other substance in such a manner as to hit, injure or endanger any person, window or other property. (Ord. 349, § 59; Rev. Ord. 1889, ch. 16; Rev. Ord. 1900, § 211.))Ordinances City of Des Moines, Weapons, Concealed, § 209: Prohibited the carrying of a concealed pistol or other firearms, slungshot, brass knuckles, or knuckles of lead, brass or other metal or material, or any sandbag, air guns of any description, dagger, Bowie knife, dirk knife, or other knife or instrument for cutting, stabbing or striking, or other dangerous or deadly weapon.Item type:Item, 1933 Haw. Terr. Sess. Laws 35-40 (Spec. Sess.)(1933)The 1934 Hawaii Firearms Act comprehensively regulated firearms and ammunition by requiring registration of most firearms and non-shotgun ammunition, permits to acquire firearms or ammunition, and registration of newly acquired weapons. It generally limited firearm possession to a person's home, business, or place of sojourn, with exceptions for lawful hunting and transportation. The Act prohibited possession of pistols and revolvers by persons convicted of violent crimes and banned machine guns, automatic rifles, bombs, silencers, and similar weapons. Concealed carry licenses were available only in exceptional cases upon a showing of good cause and suitability. The law criminalized altering firearm identification marks, created evidentiary presumptions in certain criminal prosecutions, exempted specified law enforcement and military personnel, authorized forfeiture of unlawfully possessed firearms, permitted revocation of permits and licenses, and imposed fines and imprisonment for violations.Item type:Item, 1927 Haw. Terr. Sess. Laws 209-17(1927)AN ACT Regulating the Sale, Transfer and Possession of Certain Firearms and Ammunitions, and Amending Sections 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2146 and 2147 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii 1925 (the "Small Arms Act"), § 20: Required the sheriff to keep books containing all information furnished to him relative to ownership, acquisition, importation, delivery, and possession of firearms and ammunition. Copies of the book will be made for the Governor twice per year.Item type:Item, Charter of the City of New Haven 142-43 (1881)(1881)§ 18: Prohibited the sale of any fixed ammunition, gun, pistol, or other mechanical contrivance arranged for the explosion of cartridge, or any fulminate to any child under the age of sixteen.Item type:Item, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Waterbury, Connecticut, with Amendments Thereto 230, §§ 6-8 (1902)(1897)Good Order and Decency, § 6: Prohibited the possession of any steel, iron, or brass knuckles, or slung shot or weapon of similar character. Also prohibited the concealed carry of any weapon. Violators shall forfeit the weapon and pay a fine of not less than five nor more than one hundred dollars for each offense.Item type:Item, 1923 Cal. Stat. 696-700(1923)Prohibited committing a felony while armed with weapons named in §1 or while armed with any pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person, without having a license to carry. Violators shall be punishable by felony, with imprisonment in a state prison for not less than five nor more than ten years.Item type:Item, 1917 Cal. Stat. 221-25(1917)Prohibited the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, or other firearm without a license. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor. Also declared the unlawful carry or possession of any of the above items as a nuisance, to be confiscated by the police and surrendered to a judge. Confiscated weapons are to be destroyed at the end of the year.