FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, The Charter and General Ordinances of the Town of Lexington 87 (1892)(1869)Penalized carrying concealed weapons (including pistols and bowie knives) with fines and forfeiture, except for officers on duty. Further prohibited supplying cigarettes or specified weapons to minors under sixteen, punishable by fines.Item type:Item, Item type:Item, Ordinance No. 1052, §§ 1-2, 5, & 8-9, Vancouver City Council (1920)(1920)It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, give away, purchase or receive any pistol, revolver, derringer, bowie knife, dirk, or other weapon of like character which can be concealed on the person without securing and requiring the proper license to do as hereinafter set forth. No person shall sell, give away or deal in the weapons herein specified without first obtaining from the Chief of Police of Vancouver, Washington, a license so to doItem type:Item, 1633 Va. Acts 219(1633)Acts Made by the Grand Assembly, Holden At James City, August 21st, 1633, An Act That No Arms or Ammunition Be Sold To The Indians, Act X: It is ordered and appointed, That if any person or persons shall sell or barter any guns, powder, shot, or any arms or ammunition unto any Indian or Indians within this territory, the said person or persons shall forfeit to public uses all the goods and chattels that he or they then have to their own use, and shall also suffer imprisonment during life, the one half of which forfeiture shall be to him or them that shall inform and the other half to public uses.Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 403 (1823) (enacted 1676)(1676)Ordered that all persons have liberty to sell arms and ammunition to any of his majesties loyal subjects. Includes "Indians of the Easterne shore" have equal liberty to trade with "our friends and neighbouring Indians."Item type:Item, 1866 Utah Terr. Acts 63(1850)That if any person shall hereafter trade or give any guns, rifies,pistols or any other deadly weapons, ammunition or spirituous liquors to any Indian, without having a license, he shall, on conviction thereof before any Justice of the Peace, he fined in a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars for each offense, and also forfeit all the property received from the Indian, which shall be sold and the proceeds thereof paid into the public treasury."Item type:Item, Tenn. Pub. Acts 327(1899)An Act To Repeal The Charter Of The Town Of Waverly, In Humphreys county, And to Incorporate Said Town And Define Its Rights, Powers, etc., §10 : Granted the town the authority to regulate the manufactories dangerous in causing or producing fires. Also allowed the town to prevent and suppress the sale of firearms and the carrying of concealed weapons.Item type:Item, 1931 Tenn. Priv. Acts 1089(1931)An Act to Be Entitled, "An Act to Incorporate the City of Murfreesboro in Rutherford County, Tennessee . . . ," ch. 429, art. 3, § 4, pt. 46: To regulate, restrain, and prevent the carrying on of manufactories dangerous in causing or producing fires; and to regulate and suppress the sale of firearms, and to prevent and suppress the selling, carrying, using or firing of pistols, rifles, guns, bowie knives, dirks, firearms, or other deadly weapons.Item type:Item, 1899 Tenn. Pub. Acts 780(1899)Provided however, That it shall be lawful for any person to hunt quail or partridges in said counties with a gun, between the first day of November and the first day of January of each year. But it is further provided, that it shall not be lawful to hunt upon the inclosed lands of another with a gun, as above mentioned, until written permission is first obtained from the owner or owners of such inclosed lands.Item type:Item, 1883 Tenn. Pub. Acts 17(1883)A Bill to Be Entitled An Act to Prevent the Sale, Loan or Gift of Pistol Cartridges in This State, ch. 13: [I]t shall be unlawful for any person or persons to buy or sell or give away any pistol cartridges in this state.Item type:Item, 1901 S.D. Sess. Laws 6(1901)Ch. 7, §§ 1-2: That it shall be unlawful to use, manufacture, sell or dispose of in this state for any consideration, or give away any air gun or any article of fire works known as cannon fire crackers which shall include brands known as Unlce Sam salutes, ripper crackers, whistling cannon crackers, new American cannon crackers, X-ray cannon crackers, and all fire crackers more than three inches in length or any fire cracker made wholly or in part of dynamite or giant powder.Item type:Item, 1891 S.C. Acts 1101–02(1891)No. 703: Prohibited the sale of any pistol, rifle, cartridge, or pistol cartridge less than 45 calibre, or metal knuckles without obtaining a license from the county the person or corporation is doing business in. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, fined not exceeding five hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding one year, or both.Item type:Item, 1913 Or. Laws 497, ch. 256, §§ 1-2(1913)§It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to display for sale at retail any pocket pistol or revolver or to sell at retail, barter, give away or dispose of the same to any person whomsoever, excepting a policeman, member of the militia or peace officer of the State of Oregon, unless the purchaser or person attempting to procure the same shall have a permit for the purpose of procuring such pocket pistol or revolver signed by the municipal judge or city recorder of the city or county judge or a justice of the peace of the county wherein such person resides. Also provided that all dealers keep a record of their salesItem type:Item, 1899 Annotated Statutes of the Indian Territory, at 243-44, ch. 19, pt. 53, § 1250-52(1899)§Any person who shall sell, barter or exchange, or otherwise dispose of, or in any manner furnish to any person, any dirk or bowie knife, or a sword or a spear in a cane, brass or metal knucks, or any pistol of any kind whatever, except such as are used in the army or navy of the United States, and known as the navy pistol, or any kind of cartridge for any pistol, or any person who shall keep any such arms or cartridges for sale, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.Item type:Item, 1911 Ohio Acts 124-25, An Act to prohibit the manufacture and sale of certain kinds of weapons, §§ 1-2 (vol. 102)(1911)Whoever manufacturers, sells or exposes for sale, any weapon known or designated as brass knuckles, billy, slung-shot, sand-bag, black-jack or other weapon of similar character, shall, for the first offense be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars, and for the second and subsequent offenses, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars and imprisoned not less than thirty days nor more than six months.Item type:Item, 1881 N.C. Sess. Laws 731(1881)Ch. 40, § 43: The Board of Aldermen�shall have power to make ordinances to prohibit or control the firing of fire-arms, fire crackers, torpedoes and other explosive material, and to govern the sale thereof in the cityItem type:Item, 1919 N.C. Sess. Laws 397, 397-399(1919)Pub. Laws, ch. 197, §§ 1-8: That it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation in this State to sell, give away or dispose of, or to purchase or receive, at any place within the State from any other place within or without the State, without a license or permit therefor shall have first been obtained by such purchaser or receiver from the clerk of the Superior Court of the county in which such purchase, sale, or transfer is intended to be made, any pistol, so-called pump-gun, bowie knife, dirk, dagger or metallic knucks.Item type:Item, 1913 N.Y. Laws 1627-30, §§ 2-3(1913)Vol. III, ch. 608, §§ 2-3; No pistol, revolver or other firearms of a size which may be concealed upon the person, shall be sold, or given away, or otherwise disposed of, except to a person expressly authorized under the provisions of section eighteen hundred and ninety-seven of the penal law to possess and have such firearm.Item type:Item, 6 Documents Relative To The Colonial History Of The State Of New-York 316 (1855)(1744)forbid the exportation of gunpowderItem type:Item, 1923 N.H. Laws 138-141(1923)Provided that sections 1-13 of the act should not apply to antique pistols or revolvers used as suchItem type:Item, Lincoln, Neb., Rev. Ordinances pt. 2, ch. 14, art. 26, § 1-8 (1895)(1895)It shall be unlawful for any parent, guardian, or other person having the care and custody of any minor, to purchase for or give to any such minor or knowingly to permit any such minor to have any toy pistol, toy gun, or other toy arm or arms, or sling shot, out of which any leaden or other dangerous missiles may be discharged.§Item type:Item, 1921 Mo. Laws 692(1921)Weapons, Firearms: Regulation of Sale and Possession, § 2: No person, other than a manufacturer or wholesaler thereof to or from a wholesale or retail dealer therein, for the purposes of commerce, shall directly or indirectly buy, sell, borrow, loan, give away, trade, barter; deliver or receive, in this state, any pistol, revolver or other firearm of a size which may be concealed upon the person, unless the buyer, borrower or person receiving such weapon shall first obtain and deliver to, and the same be demanded and received by, the seller, loaner, or person delivering such weapon, within thirty days after the issuance thereof, a permit authorizing such person to acquire such weaponItem type:Item, Item type:Item, 1925 Mich. Pub. Acts 473-476(1925)An Act to Regulate the Possession and Sale of Pistols, Revolvers and Guns; to Provide a Method of Licensing Those Carrying Such Weapons Concealed; and to Provide Penalties for Violations of Such Regulations, § 5: No person shall carry a pistol, revolver or gun concealed on or about his person or in any vehicle owned or operated by him, except in his dwelling house, place of business or on his premises, without a license therefor, as hereinafter provided.§Item type:Item, 1927 Mass. Acts 413-16(1927)An Act Relative to Machine Guns and Other Firearms, ch. 326, §§ 1-2 (amending §§ 121, 123): Prohibited selling, renting, or leasing a pistol, revolver, or machine gun to a person without a license to possess the same.Item type:Item, 1891 Ky. Acts 1076(1891)An Act for the Government of Cities of the Third Class, pt. 13: To regulate, restrain or prevent the establishment or continuance in or near said city of any trade or occupation, business or manufactory offensive to the public, or dangerous to health, or in causing or producing fire: and to regulate the sale of fire-arms and to prevent the carrying of concealed deadly weapons.Item type:Item, F. L. Attenborough, The Laws of the Earliest English Kings 6-7 (1922) (Transcription and translation of the Textus Roffensis,1 the Laws of Æthelberht, no. 18)(602)Prohibited supplying another with weapons while a quarrel is taking place. If no injury takes place, the lender shall pay a fine of six shillings.Item type:Item, 1913 N.J. Laws 339(1913)Ch. 186, 1-2: It shall not be lawful for any person or persons, corporation or corporations, to manufacture, sell, barter, exchange, hire, loan, give, buy or have in possession or use or shoot any air gun, spring gun or pistol, or other weapon of a similar nature in which the propelling force is a spring or air and ejecting a bullet or missile smaller than three eighths of an inch in diameter, with sufficient force to injure the person.Item type:Item, 1855 Ky. Acts 96-7(1855)Ch. 636: Prohibited vending, buying, selling, or dealing in colts, brass knuckles, slung-shots, or any imitation or substitute therefor. Violators fined twenty-five dollars. Any use of the above to strike, beat, wound, or bruise another shall be punished by forfeit of the weapon and a fine of one hundred dollars to go to the victim.Item type:Item, Sam Kimble, Revised Ordinances of the City of Manhattan and Rules of the Council 49-50 (1887)(1887)Section 12 prohibited carrying concealed weapons such as pistols, Bowie knives, dirks, or other deadly weapons. It also prohibited discharging firearms, fireworks, rockets, or other dangerous combustible materials in public areas, with limited exceptions for killing nuisance animals on one's own property or birds for scientific purposes. Violations were misdemeanors punishable by a $3–$10 fine. Section 13 prohibited giving, selling, lending, or otherwise providing pistols, revolvers, cartridge/cap-firing toy pistols, certain knives, slingshots, or other dangerous weapons to minors or persons described by the ordinance as being of “notoriously unsound mind.” Violations were misdemeanors carrying a $5–$100 fine. Section 14 made it a misdemeanor for a minor to possess pistols, cartridge-firing toy pistols, Bowie knives, dirks, brass knuckles, slung shots, rubber slingshots, or other dangerous weapons. The penalty was a $1–$10 fine.Item type:Item, 1925 Ind. Acts 495-501(1925)Prohibited the sale, delivery, or otherwise transfer of a pistol or revolver to a person who he or she has reasonable cause believe is either not a citizen or is a felon. Violatos fined not less than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.Item type:Item, Robert v. Gustin, The Revised Municipal Code of East St. Louis of 1908, at 361, § 887-88 (1909)(1908)Chapter 39-Misdemeanors, Article 1-Offenses Affecting the Public Peace and Quiet, § 887: Prohibited firing or discharging any gun, pistol, or other firearm within city limits. Violators fined not more than twenty-five dollars for each offense.Item type:Item, 1881 Ill. Laws 71(1881)Prohibited selling, giving, loaning, hiring for barter any minor a pistol, revolver, derringer, Bowie knife, dirk or other deadly weapon. Punishable by fine of $25-200.Item type:Item, 1917 Idaho Sess. Laws 461(1917)An Act . . . To Regulate the Use and Carrying of Concealed Deadly Weapons: Prohibited the concealed carry of any dirk, dirk-knife, Bowie-knife, dagger, slingshot, pistol, revolver, gun, or any other deadly or dangerous weaponItem type:Item, 1927 Haw. Terr. Sess. Laws 209-17(1927)AN ACT Regulating the Sale, Transfer and Possession of Certain Firearms and Ammunitions, and Amending Sections 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2142, 2143, 2146 and 2147 of the Revised Laws of Hawaii 1925 (the "Small Arms Act"), § 20: Required the sheriff to keep books containing all information furnished to him relative to ownership, acquisition, importation, delivery, and possession of firearms and ammunition. Copies of the book will be made for the Governor twice per year.Item type:Item, 1923 Fla. Laws 431-32(1923)An Act for the Protection of Person Who Use Shot-guns in the Pursuit of Game and for Sport . . ., ch. 9340, § 1: Prohibited the sale of any shot gun shells, divested of their interstate character, which do not plainly print on the box the character, quality, and quantity of powder contained in such shells.Item type:Item, 1893 Del. Rev. Stat. 716(1893)Ch. 548: Prohibited the concealed carrying of deadly weapons or selling deadly weapons other than an ordinary pocket knife, and prohibited discharging any firearm in any public road. Punishable by fine of $25-100 or by imprisonment for 10-30 days.Item type:Item, Letter from George Washington to Henry Knox (Nov. 30, 1780), in 20 The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799 (John C. Fitzpatrick ed., 1780)(1780)An order to repair and prove old arms before delivery.Item type:Item, 1923 Conn. Pub. Acts 3707-10(1923)An Act Concerning the Possession, Sale and Use of Pistols and Revolvers, ch. 252, § 5: Prohibited the sale of any pistol or revolver in any location not described in the permit allowing such sales. Prohibited the sale or delivery of any pistol or revolver unless the purchase or recipient of such pistol or revolver is personally known to the vendor.Item type:Item, 1 Henry Dutton, A Revision of Swift's Digest of the Laws of Connecticut 564 (1871)(1871)A person, before he trusts a gun with an incautious person, is bound to render it perfectly innoxious.