FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 263 (1809)(1643)"Masters of every family shall bring with them to church on Sundays one fixed and serviceable gun with sufficient powder and shott"Item type:Item, 2 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 333 (1823)(1676)"that in goeing to churches and courts in those tymes of danger, all people be enjoyned and required to goe armed for their greate security"Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 198 (1809)(1632)"NOE man shall goe to worke in the grounds without theire armes, and a centinell uppon them places where the commander shall require it." And "ALL men that are fittinge to beare armes, shall bringe their peices to the church"Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 173 (1809)(1632)"NOE man shall goe or send abroade without a sufficient party well armed." And "NOE man shall goe to worke in the grounds without theire armes, and a centinell uppon them" And "ALL men that are fittinge to beare armes, shall bringe their pieces to the church"Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 263 (1809)(1643)"Masters of every family shall bring with them to church on Sundays one fixed and serviceable gun with sufficient powder and shott"Item type:Item, 2 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 333 (1823)(1676)"that in goeing to churches and courts in those tymes of danger, all people be enjoyned and required to goe armed for their greate security"Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 198 (1809)(1632)"NOE man shall goe to worke in the grounds without theire armes, and a centinell uppon them places where the commander shall require it." And "ALL men that are fittinge to beare armes, shall bringe their peices to the church"Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 173 (1809)(1632)"NOE man shall goe or send abroade without a sufficient party well armed." And "NOE man shall goe to worke in the grounds without theire armes, and a centinell uppon them" And "ALL men that are fittinge to beare armes, shall bringe their pieces to the church"Item type:Item, 1875 Wyo. Terr. Sess. Laws ch. 52, §1(1875)Prohibited the carry of any firearm or other deadly weapon with any city, town, or village.Item type:Item, Code of the City of Staunton 115 (1910)(1910)Ch. II, § 135 p. 115: Prohibited carrying of firearms, throwing stones, or other missiles within the park.Item type:Item, The Code of the City of Staunton 115 (1910)(1910)All persons are forbidden to enter or leave the park except by the gateways; to climb or walk upon any of the walls or fence, to turn cattle, horses, goats or swine into the park; to carry firearms, or to throw stones or other missiles within it; to cut, break, or in any way injure or deface the trees, benches, shrubs, plants, turf, or any of the buildings, fences, bridges, or other constructions upon the park; or to converse with, or in any way hinder those engaged in its construction.Item type:Item, 1877 Va. Acts 305(1877)Ch. 7: Prohibited any person carrying a gun, pistol, Bowie-knife, dagger, or other dangerous weapon to a place of public worship while meeting for religious purposes. Violators fined not less than twenty dollars, and may be held without warrant for three hours by a "conservator of the peace."Item type:Item, 1875 Va. Acts 102(1875)Ch. 124: Prohibited the carry of any gun, pistol, Bowie knife, dagger, or other dangerous weapon into places of public worship without sufficient cause.Item type:Item, 1879 Tex. Penal Code, art. 163(1871)Tex. Act of Apr. 12, 1871, as codified in Tex. Penal Code (1879) Art. 163: Prohibited the carrying of a concealed or open gun, pistol, Bowie knife, or other dangerous weapon within a half mile of a polling site on an election day. Also prohibited generally carrying a pistol, dirk, dagger, slungshot, sword cane, spear, brass knuckles, Bowie knife, or other kind of knife used for offense or defense. Punishable by fine and forfeiture of the weapon.Item type:Item, 1879 Tex. Penal Code Tit. IX(1879)Ch. 4, Art. 320: Prohibited carry of a pistol, other firearm, dirk, dagger, slung-shot, sword-cane, spear, brass-knuckles, bowie-knife, or any other kind of a knife manufactured and sold for the purposes of offense and defense into any church, religious assembly, school room, or other place where persons are assembled for amusement or for educational or scientific purposes, or into any circus, show, or public exhibition of any kind, or into a ball-room. Violators fined not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars and shall forfeit the weapon.Item type:Item, Tex. Act of April 12, 1871, Art. 320(1871)Tex. Act of April 12, 1871: Expands the places where carrying a weapon may be prohibited to include "places where persons are assembled for amusement [... including] any circus, show, or public exhibition of any kind [...]" — however, the law makes an exception "as may be required or permitted by law." Gun shows are permitted by law under CA Penal Code § 27300 et seq. The restrictions on general public carry may be overbroad and thus invalid in light of the Bruen decision.Item type:Item, 1874 Tex. Gen. Laws 1323(1874)Prohibited any person from carrying a pistol, other firearm, dirk, dagger, slung-shot, sword-cane, spear, brass-knuckles, bowie-knife, or any other kind of knife manufactured and sold for offense or defense into any church, religious assembly, school room, other place where persons are assembled for amusement, educational, or scientific purposes, or into a ball-room, social party, or social gathering, or any election precinct on the day of election, or places of muster or other public duty, or to any other public assembly. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not les than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars with forfeiture of the weapon on first offense. Further offenses may also be imprisoned not more than ninety days.Item type:Item, 1873 Tex. Gen. Laws 1322(1870)An Act Regulating the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. Art. 6511: If any person shall go into any church or religious assembly, any school-room or other place where persons are assembled for educational, literary, or scientific purposes, or into a ball room, social party, or other social gathering, composed of ladies and gentleman, or to any election precinct on the day or days of any election, where any portion of the people of this state are collected to vote at any election, or to any other place where people may be assembled to muster or to perform any other public duty, or any other public assembly, and shall have about his person a bowie-knife, dirk, or butcher-knife, or fire-arms, whether known as a six shooter, gun, or pistol of any kind, such person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined in a sum not less than fifty or more than five hundred dollars, at the discretion of the court or jury trying the sameItem type:Item, 1874 Tex. Gen. Laws 1323(1870)Art. 6511: Prohibited the carry of any bowie-knife, dirk, butcher-knife, or fire-arms, including any six-shooter, gun, or pistol into any church, religious assembly, any school-room or other place where persons are assembled for educational, literary, or scientific purposes, or into a ball-room, social party, or other social gathering, composed of ladies and gentlemen, or to any election precinct on the day or days of any election, where any portion of the people of this state are collected to vote at any election, or to any other place where people may be assembled to muster, or to perform any other public duty, or any other public assembly.Item type:Item, 1871 Tex. Gen. Laws 25(1871)Ch. 34, § 3: Prohibited carry of pistol, other firearm, dirk, dagger, slung-shot, sword-cane, spear, brass knuckles, Bowie-knife, any other knife for offense or defense in public assemblies for education or amusement, ball rooms, social parties, elections, locations for muster. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by fine no less than fifty but not more than five hundred dollars and forfeiture of the weapon. Subsequent violations shall also be jailed for no more than ninety days.Item type:Item, 1870 Tex. Gen. Laws 63(1870)Ch. 46, § 1; An Act Regulating the Right to Keep and Bear Arms: Banned carry of any bowie-knife, dirk, or butcher-knife, or firearms,whether known as a six-shooter, gun, or pistol of any kind at any church or religious assembly, any school-room or other place where persons are assembled for educational, literary, or scientific purposes, or into a ball room,social party, or other social gathering, composed of ladies and gentleman, or to any election precinct on the day or days of any election, where any portion of the people of this state are collected to vote at any election, or to any other place where people may be assembled to muster or to perform any other public duty, or any other public assemblyItem type:Item, 1870 Tex. Gen. Laws 139(1870)Ch. 73: Prohibited carrying "any gun, pistol, bowie-knife or other dangerous weapon, concealed or unconcealed," within a half mile of a polling place while the polls are open.Item type:Item, A Digest of the Laws and Ordinances for the Government of the Municipal Corporation of the City of Reading 240 (1897)(1897)City Park, § 20(8) : Prohibited any person from carrying firearms, or discharge in the common or within fifty yards therof, or throw stones or other missiles therein.Item type:Item, W.W. Thomson, A Digest of the Acts of Assembly Relating to and the General Ordinances of the City of Pittsburgh 496 (1893)(1893)Prohibited carry of firearms, shooting or throwing of stones, or setting snares within the limits of the park or within one hundred yards thereof.Item type:Item, Laws and Ordinances for the Government of the Municipal Corporation of the City of Williamsport 141 (1891)(1891)An ordinance prescribing the rules and regulations for the government and protection of Brandon Park, § 21: Prohibited carry of fire-arms, shooting in the park, discharging fire-works, throwing stones, or throwing missiles within the limits of Brandon ParkItem type:Item, Frank F. Brightley, A Digest of the Laws and Ordinances of the City of Philadelphia 513 (1887)(1887)Commissioners of Fairmount Park, art. VII, § 57, pt. 2: Prohibited carry of firearms, shooting of birds, or throwing stones or missiles within fifty yards of Fairmount Park.Item type:Item, P. G. Carey, A Digest of the Ordinances of the Borough of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania 135 (1906)(1906)Parks § 1.4: Prohibited carry of fire-arms, shooting birds, throwing stones or other missiles within Reeves Park.Item type:Item, PHOENIXVILLE, A DIGEST OF THE ORDINANCES, Parks, § 1, no. 4 (Daily Republican Print 1906) (Passed 1878).(1878)No person shall carry fire-arms or shoot birds or throw stones or other missiles therein."Item type:Item, 1890 Okla. Stat. 496, ch. 25, art. 47, § 1-10(1890)It shall be unlawful for any person to point any pistol or any other deadly weapon whether loaded or not, at any other person or persons either in anger or otherwise.Item type:Item, 1893 Okla. Terr. Stat. 503, ch. 25, art. 45 § 1-7(1893)Prohibited the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, Bowie knife, dirk, dagger, slung-shot, sword cane, spear, metal knuckles, or any other kind of knife or instrument manufactured or sold for the purpose of defense. Also prohibited the carry of any pistol, revolver, Bowie knife, dirk knife, loaded cane, billy, metal knuckles, or any other offensive or defensive weapon. Also prohibited the sale of the weapons above to any minors.Item type:Item, 1921 N.C. Sess. Laws 54(1921)Pub. Laws Extra Sess., ch. 6, § 3: That any person who shall carry a pistol, revolver, or gun in any park or reservation such as is described in section one of this act, without having first obtained the written permission of the owner or manager of said park or reservation, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, or shall be fined or imprisoned, in the discretion of the court, for each and every offense.Item type:Item, First Annual Report of the Improvement of the Central Park, New York (January 1, 1857) Appendix A, 106 (Chas. W. Baker 1857)(1857)Among other activities, restricts carry of firearms and throwing of stones or other missiles in Central Park.Item type:Item, Fourth Annual Report of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park 106 (1861)(1861)Prohibited any person from carrying firearms, throwing stones or other missiles within Central Park.Item type:Item, Minutes of Proceedings of Bd. of Comm'rs of Central Park, N.Y. for Year Ending April 30, 1858, at 166 (1858)(1858)Prohibited the carry of firearms, throwing stones or other missiles within Central Park.Item type:Item, Ordinances, Rules and Regulations of the Department of Parks of the City of New York 7 (1916).(1916)No person shall, in any park, . . . 8. Fire or carry any firearm, firecracker, torpedo or fireworks.Item type:Item, An Ordinance to regulate the government of parks and other public pleasure grounds of The City of New York, in Proceedings of the Board of Alderman of the City of New York 600 (1903)(1903)§ XXIV: No one shall fire or carry any firearm, fire cracker, torpedo or fire-works, nor make a fire, nor make any oration, nor conduct any religious or other meeting or ceremony within any of the parks, parkways, squares or places in The City of New York under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks without special permission from the Commissioner having jurisdictionItem type:Item, 1820 N.H. Laws 861(1820)An Act for Forming, Arranging and Regulating the Militia, § 44, art. 15: If any non-commissioned officer or private shall come on to any parade with his musket, rifle, or pistol loaded with powder and ball, slugs or shot, he shall for such offence forfeit not less than two nor more than ten dollars[.]Item type:Item, Joplin, Mo., Code art. 67, § 1201 (1917)(1917)Prohibited the carrying of a concealed firearm, Bowie knife, spring-back knife, razor, knuckles, bill, sword cane, dirk, dagger, slungshot, or other similar deadly weapons in a church, school, election site, court, or other public setting. Also prohibits using the weapon in a threatening manner, using while intoxicated, or selling to a minor.Item type:Item, The Revised Ordinances of the City of Huntsville, Missouri, of 1984, at 58-59 (1894)(1894)Prohibited the concealed carry of any deadly or dangerous weapon or any kind of fire-arms, Bowie-knife, dirk, dagger, slung-shot, or other deadly weapon into any church, or place where people have assembled for religious worship, or into any school room or place where people are assembled for educational, literary, or social purposes, or to any election precinct on election day, into any court-room during the sitting of court, or into any other public assemblage. Also prohibited the brandishing of any above weapons, or carrying above weapon while intoxicated.Item type:Item, Bloomfield, Mo., Rev. Ordinances ch. 12, art. 3, § 50 (1898)(1898)Sections 50–52 regulate weapons and firearms within the city. Carrying concealed deadly weapons, bringing weapons into churches, schools, elections, courts, or public gatherings, displaying them threateningly, carrying them while intoxicated, or providing them to minors without parental consent is prohibited. Violations may result in fines of $50–$200, imprisonment for 5 days to 6 months, or both. Exceptions apply to law enforcement, certain officials, peaceful travelers, and people with legitimate self-defense needs. Discharging firearms within city limits is also prohibited except by officers performing official duties, with penalties of $5–$20 or up to 20 days in jail.