FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
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For questions about coverage, rights, or submissions, contact the Firearms Research Center (firearmsresearchcenter.org).
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Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 226 (1809)(1639)"ALL persons except negroes to be provided with arms and ammunition or be fined at pleasure of the Governor and Council"Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 292 (1809)(1645)"all negro men and women, and all other men from the age of 16 to 60" could be drafted to carry on war against the IndiansItem type:Item, 1619: Laws enacted by the First General Assembly of Virginia 70, reprinted in 1 Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 9–14 (H. R. McIlwaine and John P. Kennedy eds., 1905)(1619)Prohibited selling or giving "Indians" arms or ammunition. Punishable by hanging.Item type:Item, Charter to William Penn, And Laws of the Province of Pennsylvania, Passed Between the Years 1682 and 1700, at 32 (1879)(1676)Prohibited the giving, selling, or bartering guns, ammunition, armour, or boats and the repair of guns to "any Indian," punishable by fine.Item type:Item, 1 Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay 392 (1853)(1620)"For such of or nation as sell munition, gunns, or other furniture, to arme the Indians against vs, or teach them the vse of armes, wee would haue yow to apphend them and send them prisons for England, where they will not escape severe punishmt, being expressly against the proclamacon."Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 292 (1809)(1645)"all negro men and women, and all other men from the age of 16 to 60" could be drafted to carry on war against the IndiansItem type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 226 (1809)(1639)"ALL persons except negroes to be provided with arms and ammunition or be fined at pleasure of the Governor and Council"Item type:Item, 1642 Va. Acts 255(1642)Act 23: Be it also enacted and confirmed, that what person or persons soever shall sell or barter with any Indian or Indians for piece, powder and shot and being thereof lawfully convicted, shall forfeit his whole estateItem type:Item, 1633 Va. Acts 219(1633)Acts Made by the Grand Assembly, Holden At James City, August 21st, 1633, An Act That No Arms or Ammunition Be Sold To The Indians, Act X: It is ordered and appointed, That if any person or persons shall sell or barter any guns, powder, shot, or any arms or ammunition unto any Indian or Indians within this territory, the said person or persons shall forfeit to public uses all the goods and chattels that he or they then have to their own use, and shall also suffer imprisonment during life, the one half of which forfeiture shall be to him or them that shall inform and the other half to public uses.Item type:Item, 1639 Va. Acts 224(1639)Act 17: An act in 1637, which makes it a felony to barter with the Indians repealed, and enacted that for trading with them for arms and ammunition shall be felony, and for other commodities imprisonment at discretion of the Governor and Council.Item type:Item, 1639 Va. Acts 226, Act 10(1639)All persons except negroes to be provided with arms and ammunition or be fined at pleasure of the Governor and Council.Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 481 (1823) (enacted 1680)(1680)An act for preventing Negroes Insurrections: "No negro, or enacted by the kings most excellent majestie by and with other slave to the consent of the generall assembly, and it is hereby carry arms, of enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after fensive: the publication of this law, it shall not be lawfull for any negroe or other slave to carry or arme himselfe with any club, staffe, gunn, sword or any other weapon of defence or offence..."Item type:Item, 1 William Waller Hening, Stat. at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia 441 (1823) (enacted 1632)(1657)Prohibited the giving or selling piece, powder, or shot to "any Indian," subject to imprisonment and seizure of property.Item type:Item, 2 Records of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England 561 (1857)(1677)Required seizure of guns and ammunition from "any Indian."Item type:Item, Acts and Orders of 1647, in Colonial Origins of the American Constitution: A Documentary History 39 (Donald S. Lutz ed., 1998)(1647)Prohibited the giving, selling, repairing guns, ammunition, or weapons to or for "the Indians."Item type:Item, 2 Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania from 1682 to 1801 ch. 61 sec. 5 at 79 (1896)(1700)"And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if any negro shall presume to carry any guns, swords, pistols, fowling-pieces, clubs or other arms or weapons whatsoever, without his master's special license for the same, and be convicted thereof before a magistrate, he shall be whipped with twenty-one lashes on his bare back." Passed November 27, 1700; repealed by the Queen in Council, February 7, 1705-6.Item type:Item, 2 Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania from 1682 to 1801 ch. 144 sec. 5 at 235-236 (1896)(1705)"And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if any negro shall presume to carry any guns, swords, pistols, fowling-pieces, clubs or other arms or weapons whatsoever, without his master's special license for the same, and be convicted thereof before a magistrate, he shall be whipped with twenty-one lashes on his bare back." Passed January 12, 1705-6. Allowed to become a law by lapse of time in accordance with the proprietary charter, having been considered bythe Queen in Council, October 24, 1709, and not acted upon.Item type:Item, 2 The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution 687 (1894)(1664)Prohibited "any slave" from possessing or using any gun, pistol, sword, club, or any other kind of dangerous weapon not in the presence of their master.Item type:Item, E.B. O'Callaghan, Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638-1674, at 234-35 (1868); N.Y. Col. MSS, VIII 56(1656)Prohibited admission of "any Indians" in possession of a gun or other weapon into Fort Amsterdam or in the Flatland.Item type:Item, E.B. O'Callaghan, Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638-1674, at 47 (1868); N.Y. Col. MSS, IV. 216(1645)Prohibited the selling and bartering of firearms and ammunition with "the Indians."Item type:Item, E.B. O'Callaghan, Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638-1674, at 128 (1868); N.Y. Col. MSS, XI. 53, 54(1652)Prohibited sale of powder, lead, and guns. The exact text is lost but the intention is to restrict sale of arms, especially ammunition, "to the Indians."Item type:Item, E.B. O'Callaghan, Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638-1674, at 101 (1868); N.Y. Col. MSS, IV. 411(1648)Renewed the 1645 prohibition of trade of "any munitions of War with the Indians." Punishable by death.Item type:Item, The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution 40-41 (1894)(1680)Prohibited the giving or selling to, or bartering with, "any Indian," or repairing guns and ammunition of "any Indian," punishable by fine.Item type:Item, Charters and General Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay 132-133 (1814)(1633)Ch. 58, § 2 (1633): Prohibited the possession, trade, sale, and repair of guns, ammunition, armor, and weapons generally for "any Indian" enforced by fine.Item type:Item, Records of The Colony of New Plymouth in New England 173 (1856)(1676)Prohibited the selling, bartering, and giving of arms or ammunition to "any Indian," punishable by death.Item type:Item, Records Of The Colony Of New Plymouth In New England 66 (Daniel Pulsifier ed., 1861)(1656)Laws of Plymouth Colony (1656). And likewise that no Indian shall discharge any gun on the Lords day at any thing to the breach of the Sabbath and disturbance of the English; as they will answer it at their peril.Item type:Item, 1647: Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts, reprinted in The Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts 28 (Harvard Univ. Press 1929)(1647)Prohibited the repairing, selling, and giving of "any Indian" a gun, ammunition, or armour, punishable by fine.Item type:Item, 3 Archives of Maryland 103 (1642)(1642)All housekeepers to provide an arm, sufficient powder, and ammo for each person able to bear arms. No man able to bear arms shall attend church or chappell or travel any considerable distance from home without an arm and at least one charge of powder and shott.Item type:Item, 1639 N.J. Laws 18-19(1639)Ordinance of the Director and Council of New Netherland, Prohibiting the Sale of Firearms . . . to Indians: Prohibited the sale of firearms, and ammunition to "Indians" punishable by death. Informants of violations eligible for monetary reward.Item type:Item, The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New-Jersey 103 (1752)(1675)Be il enacfed by this Asiiemh\y, that no person or persons oi what state or degree soever within this Province, shall under any preetence sell, give or any other ways supply any Indian or Indians, with any guns or ammunituion whatsoever instrumental for war, or what quantity or worth soever, be it never so small...Item type:Item, 2 Aaron Leaming & Jacob Spicer, The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New Jersey 341-42 (1881)(1694)Ch 2, An Act concerning Slaves, &c.: Prohibited any slave from being permitted to carry any gun or pistol into the woods or plantations unless their owner accompanied them.Item type:Item, 1 Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut 351 (J. Hammond Trumbull ed., 1850) (enacted 1646)(1660)"This Court orders, that ifany Indians shal bring in Guns into any o fthe Townes in this Coll: It shal be lawful for any on eof ye English to seize on their guns, and to keep them until there be 10s. a piece brought to redeem each gun, wch shal be devided, one half to ye Treasurie, the other half to ye seazer."Item type:Item, 1 Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut 138 (J. Hammond Trumbull ed., 1850) (enacted 1646)(1646)("The Court [desires] that the Comissio[ners] should be [moved] that noe ]Ammuition] should be traded wth any that [live] out of the Jurisdictions in combination, whereby [it] might supply the Indeans. and that some consideration be taken to [restrain] Roade lland fro[m] trading w[i]th the in such kynd." [some antique spelling modernized])Item type:Item, 1 The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut 196 (J. Hammond Trumbull ed., 1850) (enacted 1646)(1646)"It is ordered, that no man within this iurisdiction shall, directly or indirectly, amend, repair, or cause to bee amended or repaired, any gun, small or greate, belonging to any Indian, nor shall endevour the same, nor shall sell or give to any Indian, directly or indirectly, any such gun, or any gunpowder, or shott, or leade, or shot moulde, or any millitary weopons, or armour, vpon paine of ten pound fine for ev'y offence at least,& that the Court of Assistants shall have power to increase the fine or to impose corporall punishment wheare a fine cannot bee had, at their discretion."