FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
Questions
For questions about coverage, rights, or submissions, contact the Firearms Research Center (firearmsresearchcenter.org).
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Item type:Item, Item type:Item, 2026-10-01 Attribution Test #4(2026-10-01)Item type:Item, Alabama TEST submission(2026)Item type:Item, The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Portland 364-69, 371-72 (1911)(1911)These Portland laws regulated firearms, gunpowder, explosives, and other dangerous substances. They required licenses for selling or possessing larger quantities of gunpowder, established safe storage and transportation requirements, and restricted fireworks, blasting, silencers, and toy pistols. Gunpowder generally had to be securely stored, covered during transportation, and kept within specified quantity limits. Firearms could not generally be discharged within city limits. Carrying concealed or threateningly displaying deadly weapons was prohibited without a license, with exceptions for certain law enforcement officers. Violations could result in fines, imprisonment, seizure or forfeiture of weapons or explosives, and other penalties.Item type:Item, Chas. Ben. Darwin, Ordinances of the City of Burlington 112 (1856)(1855)Prohibited the discharge of firearms within the city.Item type:Item, Del Cary Smith, Ordinances of the City of Port Townsend 25 (1890)(1890)Sections 3-5 prohibited carrying concealed weapons, brandishing firearms or other deadly weapons, and challenging another to fight (dueling).Item type:Item, Revised Code of Ordinances of the City of McKinney 6 (1899)(1899)Prohibited the public discharge of firearms in McKinney.Item type:Item, Compilation of the Ordinances of the City of St. Augustine 53 (1884)(1878-04-28)Imposed a $25 license tax on dealers of pistols, bowie-knives, and dirks.Item type:Item, The General Orders of the Board of Supervisors Providing Regulations for the Government of the City and County of San Francisco 95 (1881)(1880)Imposed license rates for sellers and keepers of gunpowder and shooting galleries.Item type:Item, 1874-75 Va. Acts 282-83(1874)Ch. 239, § 6, sched. B(18): Included the value of all "rifles, muskets, and other fire-arms, bowie-knives, dirks, and all weapons of a similar kind" in list of taxable personal property, imposing a tax payable of 50 cents per 100 dollars of value.Item type:Item, The Charter and General Ordinances of the Town of Lexington 108 (1892)(1873)Prohibited the discharge of firearms and other weapons in public streets and alleys, punishable by a fine of one to five dollars.Item type:Item, The Charter and General Ordinances of the Town of Lexington 87 (1892)(1869)Penalized carrying concealed weapons (including pistols and bowie knives) with fines and forfeiture, except for officers on duty. Further prohibited supplying cigarettes or specified weapons to minors under sixteen, punishable by fines.Item type:Item, Dick Act of 1903, ch. 196, § 1, 32 Stat. 775, 775(1903)This militia consisted of all able-bodied male citizens between 18 and 45 years of age, and also aliens who have declared intent to naturalize. The "organized militia" was the National Guard of the several States. Everyone else was part of the "reserve militia," which later statutes labeled the "unorganized militia."Item type:Item, Gun Control Act of 1968, Pub. L. No. 99-308, 100 Stat. 449, 450(1968)Required all persons "engaged in the business" of selling firearms to obtain a Federal Firearms License. An FFL may not deliver a handgun to a person under 21, or a rifle or shotgun to a person under 18.Item type:Item, William Stanley, Charter and Ordinances of the City of Leavenworth 42 (1859)(1859)§§ 1-2: Prohibited the carry of concealed weapons. Prohibited any person guilty of carrying a pistol, dirk, bowie-knife, colt, slung-shot, metal knuckles, or any other deadly weapon. Violators fined not less than five, nor more than two hundred dollars.Item type:Item, 1867 Ala. Code 169(1867)§ 434, pt. 10: Tax of $2 on pistols or revolvers in the possession of private persons, excluding dealers, and a tax of $3 on "all bowie knives, or knives of the like description." Non-payment was punishable by seizure and, unless payment was made within 10 days with a penalty of an additional 50%, subject to sale by public auction.Item type:Item, Item type:Item, 1876 Ala. Code 929–30(1871)§ 4406: Prohibited hunting wild hogs with a dog and gun without giving notice to "at least three freeholders in the neighborhood." Violators fined not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars. § 4407: Prohibited hunting deer by fire and with a gun. Violators fined not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars.Item type:Item, 1862 Ala. Laws 8(Ala. Statutes, 1862)Wartime tax of 5% on net profits of various businesses, including establishments that produced guns, pistols, pikes, and Bowie knives.Item type:Item, National Firearms Act, Pub. L. No. 73-474, 48 Stat. 1236 (1934).(1934)Requires registration and taxation of certain firearms such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and suppressors, and regulates their manufacture, transfer, and possession under federal law.Item type:Item, 1882 Wyo. Sess. Laws 174(1882)Prohibited the exhibition of any kind of firearm, bowie knife, dirk, dagger, slung shot, or other deadly weapon in a rude, angry, or threatening manner not necessary for self defense of his person, his family, or property. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than ten but no more than five hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months or by both such fine and imprisonment.Item type:Item, An Ordinance Assessing Taxes for the City of Wheeling, in Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, April 7, 1856, at 2(1856)On every license to keep a pistol gallery, seventy-five dollars.Item type:Item, Wash. Const. art. 1, § 24(1889)The right of the individual citizen to bear arms in defense of himself, or the State, shall not be impaired, but nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing individuals or corporations to organize, maintain or employ an armed body of men.Item type:Item, Utah Const. art. I, § 6 (1896)(1896)Declared a right of the people to keep and bear arms for their security and defense, but the legislature may regulate the exercise of the right.Item type:Item, Constitution and Laws of His Majesty Kamehameha III., King of the Hawaiian Islands 19 (1852)(1852)§ 1: Prohibited the carry of any Bowie-knife, sword-cane, air gun, slung-shot, or other deadly weapon. Violators fined no less than ten but no more than thirty dollars.Item type:Item, 1890 S.D. Sess. Laws 72(1890)Art. 5, § 1, pt. 53: To regulate and prevent the storage of gun powder, tar, pitch, resin, coal, oil, benzine [sic], turpentine, hemp, cotton, nitro-glycerine, petroleum, or any of the products thereof, and other combustible or explosive material, and the use of lights in stables, shops and other places, and the building of bonfires; also to regulate and restrain the use of fire works, fire crackers, torpedoes, roman candles, sky rockets, and other pyrotechnic displays.Item type:Item, 1862 Or. Spec. Laws 8-9, An Act to Incorporate the City of Albany, § 6.(1862)[To] regulate the storage of gun powder and other combustible materials, and the use of candles, lamps and other lights in shops, stables and other places[.]Item type:Item, 1907-08 Okla. Sess. Laws 562, ch. 59, art. 1, § 1(1908)The governor of the state shall be the commander-in-chief of the militia, and as such shall have supreme command of the military forces of the state while in the service of the state, or until they are ordered and accepted into the service of the United States. While in the service of the state, he shall have power at any time to muster out any militia organization of the state, and he may discharge any enlisted man, and he may cause to be mustered out and discharged any commissioned officers who shall wilfully [sic] neglect the duties of his office, or shall fail to properly account for public property or money in his possession, as such officer.Item type:Item, Ordinances, ch. 1, tit. 1, § 3, THE BOTTINEAU PIONEER, Dec. 13, 1888, at 4 (Bottineau, North Dakota)(1888)Any person found armed within the corporate limits of the village of Bottineau with a dirk, dagger, sword, pistol or pistols, or other offensive or dangerous weapons, without reasonable cause to fear an assault or other injury or violence to his person or to his family or property, shall, upon conviction before said justice, be punished by a fine not exceeding ten dollars, or by imprisonment in the village jail not exceeding term of thirty days.Item type:Item, 1867 Nev. Stat. 66(1867)Ch. 30, § 1: Prohibited the concealed carry of any dirk, pistol, sword in a cane, slung-shot, or other dangerous or deadly weapon, concealed. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, imprisoned not less than thirty nor more than ninety days, or fined not less than twenty nor more than two hundred dollars.Item type:Item, 1869 Neb. Laws 53(1869)An Act To Incorporate Cities Of The First Class In The State Of Nebraska, § 47: Allowed the city council to license vendors of gunpowder.Item type:Item, Mont. Const. of 1889 art. III, § 13(1889)The right of any person to keep or bear arms in defense of his own home, person, and property, or in aid of the civil power when thereto legally summoned, shall not be called in question, but nothing herein contained shall be held to permit the carrying of concealed weaponsItem type:Item, 1859 Minn. Pub. Stat. 798-800(1858)Ch. 120, §§ 1, 8: That all able-bodied, white male citizens resident of this state, being eighteen years of age, and under the age of forty-five years, excepting persons exempt by law, shall be enrolled in the militia, and perform military duty in such manner-not incompatible with the constitution and laws of the United States-as hereinafter prescribedItem type:Item, 1868 Kan. Gen Stat. 378(1868)§ 282: Prohibited carrying a pistol, bowie-knife, dirk, or other deadly weapon while engaged in illegitimate business, under the influence of intoxicating drinks, or engaged in insurrection against the United States. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, fined not exceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not exceeding three months, or both fine and imprisonment.Item type:Item, The Code: Containing All the Statutes of the State of Iowa 76-77 (1873)(1873)§ 453: Cities and towns shall have the authority to prevent injury and annoyances from transportation and keeping of gunpowder and other combustibles, and licensing of powder magazines.Item type:Item, 1909 Idaho Sess. Laws 55(1909)An Act to Define the Crime of Burglary with Explosives and Providing the Punishment Therefor, and Declaring an Emergency, § 1: Enhanced the sentence of any person who, with intent to commit crime, breaks and enters into any building, and attempts to open any vault, safe, or other secure place within said building by using nitro-glycerine, dynamite, gunpowder, or any other explosive, shall be deemed guilty of burglary with explosives. Violators imprisoned for a period of not less than ten, nor more than twenty-five years.Item type:Item, 1903 Haw. Terr. Sess. Laws 55(1903)Ch. 8, § 25: Granted the Board of Supervisors of each county the jurisdiction and power to adopt rules and regulations for the keeping and storing of powder, Hercules powder, giant powder, kerosene, coal oil, benzoin, naptha, or other explosive or combustible materials.Item type:Item, S. Garfielde, Compiled Laws of the State of California 643-44 (1853)(1850)Ch. 125, div. 4, §§ 40-41: Prohibited dueling. Should the opponent be killed, violators and their seconds shall be punished in state prison for a term not less than one year but no more than five years.Item type:Item, 1884 Wyo. Terr. Sess. Laws 134(1884)[T]o regulate the storage of gun-powder, kerosene and other dangerous material[.]Item type:Item, 1921 Wyo. Sess. Laws 101(1921)It shall be unlawful for any person to take, kill, wound or destroy any of the game fish of this State by the use of any revolver, pistol, shot gun, rifle or fire arms of any kind or nature.