FRC Jurisdictions Portal
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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.
Scope of Content
- Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
- Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
- Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.
How to Use
- Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
- Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
- Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.
Metadata & Standards
Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.
Questions
For questions about coverage, rights, or submissions, contact the Firearms Research Center (firearmsresearchcenter.org).
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Item type:Item, 1928-1929 Wis. Sess. Laws 157(1929)Prohibited owning, using, or possession a machine gun. Punishable by imprisonment of 1-15 years.Item type:Item, 1931-1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 778(1931)Prohibited selling, possessing, using, or transporting a machine gun, automatic firearm, bomb, hand grenade, projectile, shell, or other container that can contain tear or other gas. Punishable by imprisonment for 1-3 years.Item type:Item, 1931–1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 245–47(1933)Prohibited using or possessing a machine gun during an attempted violent crime; punishable by imprisonment of minimum 20 years. Prohibited use of a machine gun for offensive or aggressive purposes; punishable by imprisonment of minimum 10 years.Item type:Item, 1931–1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 778(1933)Prohibited selling, possessing, using, or transporting a machine gun, automatic firearm, bomb, hand grenade, projectile, shell, or other container that can contain tear or other gas. Punishable by imprisonment for 1-3 years.Item type:Item, 1925 W. Va. Acts 30-31(1925)Ch. 3, § 7(b): Prohibited publicly displaying for rent or sale any revolver, pistol, dirk, Bowie knife, slungshot, other dangerous weapon, machine gun, submachine gun, or high powered rifle. Requires dealers to keep a register. Prohibited selling, renting, giving, or lending any of these weapons to an unnaturalized person.Item type:Item, 1933 Wash. Sess. Laws 335-36(1933)Ch. 64, §§ 1-5: Prohibited manufacturing, owning, buying, selling, loaning, furnishing, transporting, or possessing a machine gun.Item type:Item, 1934 Va. Acts 137-39(1934)Ch. 96, §§ 1-7: Prohibited possession or use of a machine gun during a violent crime; punishable by death or imprisonment for a minimum of 20 years. Prohibited unlawful possession or use of a machine gun for offensive or aggressive purposes; punishable by imprisonment for a minimum of 10 years. Requires manufacturers to keep a register of machine guns.Item type:Item, 1923 Vt. Acts and Resolves 127(1923)No. 130, § 1: Prohibited using, carrying, or possessing a machine gun or automatic rifle while hunting.Item type:Item, 1933 Tex. Gen. Laws 219-20(1933)1st Called Sess., An Act Defining "Machine Gun" and "Person"; Making It an Offense to Possess or Use Machine Guns. . . , Ch. 82, §§ 1-4, 6: Prohibited possession of a machine gun; punishable by imprisonment up to 10 years. Prohibited selling, leasing, giving, bartering, exchanging, or trading a machine gun; punishable by imprisonment for 2 months to 10 years.Item type:Item, 1933 S.D. Sess. Laws 245–47(1933)Ch. 206, §§ 1-8: Prohibited possession of a machine gun during a violent crime. Punishable by imprisonment up to 15 years. Prohibited using a machine gun offensively or aggressively; punishable by imprisonment up to 15 years. Requires manufacturers to keep a register of machine guns and for owners to converted their machine guns to pistols to register the weapon.Item type:Item, 1934 S.C. Acts 1288(1934)No. 731, §§ 1–6: Prohibited transporting, possessing, selling, renting, or giving a firearm or machine gun. Punishable by fine up to $1,000 and imprisonment with solitary confinement up to 20 years.Item type:Item, 1927 R.I. Pub. Laws 256, ch. 1052, §§ 1, 3(1927)Prohibited a person who has previously been convicted of a violent crime from owning, carrying, or possessing any firearm (including machine gun or pistol).Item type:Item, 1929 Pa. Laws 777-78, No. 329, §§ 1-4(1929)Prohibited selling, giving, transferring, or possessing a machine gun. Punishable by fine up to $1,000 and imprisonment by separate or solitary confinement at labor up to 5 years. Also Prohibited using a machine gun during an attempted crime. Punishable by separate and solitary confinement at labor for up to 10 years.Item type:Item, 1923 Pa. Laws 386, No. 228, art. 7, § 704(a)(1923). . . It is unlawful to hunt for, or catch or take or kill or wound, or attempt to catch or take or kill or wound, game of any kind, excepting raccoons, through the use of what is commonly known as an automatic gun or an automatic firearm of any kind, or a swivel gun or an air-rifle or the apparatus known as a silencer, or from an automobile or vehicle or boat or craft of any kind propelled by any mechanical power. . .Item type:Item, 1933 Or. Laws 489, ch. 315, §§ 3-4(1933)Prohibited possession of a machine gun. Also Prohibited carrying a concealed machine gun, pistol, revolver, or other firearm.Item type:Item, 1933 Ohio Acts 189-90, Reg. Sess., An Act. . . Relative to the Sale and Possession of Machine Guns, No. 165(1933)Prohibited owning, possessing, and transporting a machine gun, light machine gun, or submachine gun without a permit. Punishable by imprisonment of 1-10 years.Item type:Item, 1931 N.D. Laws 305-06(1931)Ch. 178, §§ 1-2: Prohibited selling, giving, loaning, furnishing, or delivering a machine gun, submachine gun, automatic rifle, or bomb (without a license). Punishable by imprisonment up to 10 years and/or fine up to $3,000.Item type:Item, 1933 N.Y. Laws 1638-39(1933)Ch. 805, §§ 1, 3: Prohibited selling, giving, disposing of, transporting, or possessing a machine gun or submachine gun to a person guilty of a felony.Item type:Item, 1929 Neb. Laws 673-74(1929)Ch. 190, §§ 1-2: Prohibited selling or otherwise disposing of a machine gun. Punishable by fine of $1,000-$10,000. Also Prohibited transporting or possessing a machine gun. Punishable by imprisonment for 1-10 years.Item type:Item, 1929 Mo. Laws 170(1929)Crimes and Punishment, Prohibiting the Sale, Delivery, Transportation, Possession, or Control of Machine Rifles, Machine Guns and Sub-machine Guns, and Providing Penalty for Violation of Law, §§ 1-2: Prohibited selling, delivering, transporting, and possessing a machine gun. Punishable by imprisonment of 2-30 years and/or fine up to $5,000.Item type:Item, 1933 Minn. Gen. Laws 231-33(1933)An Act Making It Unlawful to Use, Own, Possess, Sell, Control or Transport a "Machine Gun", as Hereinafter Defined, and Providing a Penalty for the Violation Thereof, ch. 190, §§ 1-3: Prohibited owning, controlling, using, possessing, selling, or transporting a machine gun.Item type:Item, 1927 Mich. Pub. Acts 888-89(1927)No. 372, § 3: Prohibited manufacturing, selling, or possessing a machine gun, silencer, bomb, bombshell, blackjack, slungshot, billy, metallic knuckles, sandclub, bludgeon. Punishable by fine up to $1,000 or imprisonment.Item type:Item, 1929 Mich. Pub. Acts 529(1929)An Act to Regulate and License the Selling, Purchasing, Possessing and Carrying of Certain Firearms, § 3: Prohibited manufacturing, selling, or possessing a machine gun or firearm that can be fired more than 16 times without reloading. Also Prohibited the same for a muffler or silencer.Item type:Item, 1927 Mass. Acts 413-16(1927)An Act Relative to Machine Guns and Other Firearms, ch. 326, §§ 1-2 (amending §§ 121, 123): Prohibited selling, renting, or leasing a pistol, revolver, or machine gun to a person without a license to possess the same.Item type:Item, 1932 La. Acts 337-38(1932)No. 79,§ 1-2: Prohibited selling, loaning, giving, purchasing, possession, carrying, or transporting a machine gun.Item type:Item, 1933 Kan. Sess. Laws 76 (Spec. Sess.)(1933)Ch. 62, §§ 1-3: Prohibited possession of a machine rifle, machine gun, or submachine gun.Item type:Item, Item type:Item, 1927 Ind. Acts 469, § 1-2(1927)Public Offenses - Ownership, Possession or Control of Machine Guns or Bombs - Penalty, ch. 156, § 1: Prohibited owning or possessing a machine gun or bomb in an automobile. Punishable by imprisonment for 1-5 years.Item type:Item, 1931 Ill. Laws 452-54(1931)An Act to Regulate the Sale, Possession and Transportation of Machine Guns, § 4: Required every manufacturer or merchant to keep a register of all machine guns manufactured or handled. Data kept includes the sale, loan, gift, delivery, or receipt of any machine gun, the name, address, and occupation of the person to whom the machine gun was delivered, from whom it was received, and why it was sold, loaned, given, delivered, purchased, or obtained said machine gun. Law enforcement shall have on-demand access to these records.Item type:Item, 1933 Haw. Terr. Sess. Laws 35-40 (Spec. Sess.)(1933)The 1934 Hawaii Firearms Act comprehensively regulated firearms and ammunition by requiring registration of most firearms and non-shotgun ammunition, permits to acquire firearms or ammunition, and registration of newly acquired weapons. It generally limited firearm possession to a person's home, business, or place of sojourn, with exceptions for lawful hunting and transportation. The Act prohibited possession of pistols and revolvers by persons convicted of violent crimes and banned machine guns, automatic rifles, bombs, silencers, and similar weapons. Concealed carry licenses were available only in exceptional cases upon a showing of good cause and suitability. The law criminalized altering firearm identification marks, created evidentiary presumptions in certain criminal prosecutions, exempted specified law enforcement and military personnel, authorized forfeiture of unlawfully possessed firearms, permitted revocation of permits and licenses, and imposed fines and imprisonment for violations.Item type:Item, 1913 Fla. Acts 117(1913)An Act to Regulate the Hunting of Wild Deer etc., § 8: Prohibited hunting wild game with automatic guns.Item type:Item, National Firearms Act, 48 Stat. 1236 (1934)(1934)Heavily regulated the use of Machine Guns, Short Barrel Shotguns, Short Barrel Rifles, Suppressors, etc. Also established a $200 tax stamp for registration purposes.Item type:Item, 37 Del. Laws 813 (1931)(1931)Ch. 249, § 1: Prohibited a person from possessing a machine gun. Punishable by fine and/or imprisonment.Item type:Item, 1933 Cal. Stat. 1169-71(1933)Prohibited a person, firm, or corporation from selling, possessing or transporting a machine gun. Punishable by imprisonment up to 3 years and/or fine up to $5,000. Also expanded machine gun regulations by prohibiting most sales and possession, broadly defining machine guns, authorizing permit revocation, licensing dealers, and requiring detailed sales records and inspections.Item type:Item, 1927 Cal. Stat. 938(1927)ch. 552, §§ 1-2: Prohibited a person, firm, or corporation possessing a machine gun. Punishable by imprisonment up to 3 years and/or fine up to $5,000.Item type:Item, 1935 Ark. Acts 171-75(1935)Uniform Machine Gun Act, Act No. 80, §§ 1-14: Prohibited the possession of machine guns in crimes of violence, for offensive or aggressive purposes. The presence of a machine gun in any room, boat, or vehicle presumes ownership. Required registration of machine guns.Item type:Item, 1931 Ark. Acts 705-06(1931)This law broadly restricts machine guns by prohibiting their transportation, sale, distribution, and possession, including allowing others to store or keep them. It also requires that any machine guns be registered with the Secretary of State. Anyone who violates these provisions faces fines ranging from $100 to $1,000.