FRC Jurisdictions Portal

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This top community organizes Firearms Research Center holdings by jurisdiction. It provides separate collections for U.S. states, territories, the District of Columbia, and the federal jurisdiction, spanning the territorial period to the present.

Scope of Content

Legal sources: statutes and session laws, administrative code, attorney general opinions, appellate decisions, and selected municipal ordinances.
Historical materials: newspapers, photographs, maps, catalogs, company records, and oral histories tied to specific places and periods.
Research outputs: FRC reports, datasets, and interpretive materials that contextualize legal and technical developments.

How to Use

Browse: open a jurisdiction collection to view items for that state, territory, DC, or the federal jurisdiction.
Search: use keywords and filter by Jurisdiction, Date Issued, and Category. Record any Exceptions noted for applicability.
Cite: use the item’s identifier and provided links (Original Source and Duke reference) when available.

Metadata & Standards

Items are described using Dublin Core with standardized fields for Jurisdiction, Date Issued, Category, and Exceptions to support precise discovery and comparison.

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Now showing 1 - 40 of 68

1868 Kan. Gen Stat. 378
(1868)
§ 282: Prohibited carrying a pistol, bowie-knife, dirk, or other deadly weapon while engaged in illegitimate business, under the influence of intoxicating drinks, or engaged in insurrection against the United States. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor, fined not exceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not exceeding three months, or both fine and imprisonment.
Mason Brayman, Revised Statutes of the State of Illinois 176 (1845)
(1845)
Criminal Jurisprudence, § 139: Prohibited the carrying of "any pistol, gun, knife, dirk, bludgeon or other offensive weapon, with intent to assault any person. Punishable by fine up to $100 or imprisonment up to 3 months.
1876 Wyo. Comp. Laws 273
(1876)
Prohibited the carrying of a pistol, knife, dirk, bludgeon, or other offensive weapon with the intent to assault a person. Punishable by fine up to $500 or imprisonment up to 6 months.
1899 Wyo. Rev. Stat. 1253, div. 5, tit. 1, ch. 3, § 5051
(1899)
Every person, not being a traveler, who shall wear or carry any dirk, pistol, bowie knife, dagger, sword-in-cane, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon concealed, or who shall carry or wear any such weapon openly, with the intent, or avowed purpose, of injuring his fellow- man, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.
1931–1933 Wis. Sess. Laws 245–47
(1933)
Prohibited using or possessing a machine gun during an attempted violent crime; punishable by imprisonment of minimum 20 years. Prohibited use of a machine gun for offensive or aggressive purposes; punishable by imprisonment of minimum 10 years.
W. Va. Code, ch. 153, §8 (1868)
(1868)
Required any person going armed with any dirk, dagger, sword, pistol, or other offensive and dangerous weapon to post a surety once a complaint was filed, having cause to fear an injury or breach of the peace. Appeals provided for the accused.
Charter and Ordinances of the City of Olympia: Also General Laws of Washington Territory, Relative to the Government of Incorporated Cities and Towns 80 (1886)
(1886)
Section 2 prohibited drawing, exhibiting, or attempting to use a deadly weapon against another person within Olympia; violations carried a $25–$50 fine. Section 3 prohibited carrying a deadly weapon concealed on one’s person within Olympia; violations carried a $5–$10 fine. Section 4 prohibited discharging any gun, pistol, or firearm within a specified area of Olympia; violations were punishable by a $5–$20 fine, 5–10 days’ imprisonment, or both.
Ordinances of the City of Tacoma, Washington 334 (Albert R. Heilig ed., 1892)
(1892)
Classified carrying, brandishing, or otherwise using or attempting to use certain deadly weapons, intentionally displaying or using a deadly weapon against another person, and discharging firearms or bombs within city limits as misdemeanors. Police could arrest violators without warrants, and convictions carried fines up to $100.
Ordinance No. 79, § 1, Adams County News, Jun. 14, 1899, at 2
(1899)
Declared that all persons who carry concealed weapons, Brandish such weapons, carry weapons with intent to do bodily injury, and those who discharge firearms within the city limits are disorderly persons
1935 Wash. Sess. Laws 599
(1935)
Ch. 172, §§ 1-4: 'Short Firearm' as used in this act means any firearm with a barrel less than twelve (12) inches in length.If any person shall commit or attempt to commit a crime of violence when armed with a pistol, he may in addition to the punishment provided for the crime, be punished also as provided by this act. No person who has been convicted in this state or elsewhere of a crime of violence, shall own a pistol or have one in his possession or under his control.
Theodore Harris, Charter and Ordinances of the City of San Antonio 220 (1899)
(1899)
Ordinances of the City of San Antonio, Ordinances, ch. 22, § 4: Prohibited drawing in a threatening manner a pistol, gun, knife, sword cane, club or any other instrument or weapon that may cause death.
4 Stat. at Large of S.C. 343-44 (1838)
(1776)
An Act to Prevent Sedition, and Punish Insurgents and Disturbers of the Public Peace, § 1: Prohibited any person to "take up arms with a hostile intent."
1929 Pa. Laws 777-78, No. 329, §§ 1-4
(1929)
Prohibited selling, giving, transferring, or possessing a machine gun. Punishable by fine up to $1,000 and imprisonment by separate or solitary confinement at labor up to 5 years. Also Prohibited using a machine gun during an attempted crime. Punishable by separate and solitary confinement at labor for up to 10 years.
A Digest of the Laws and Ordinances of the City of Philadelphia, at 462, Bureau of Corrections, pt. 3, § 80 (1887)
(1879)
Any tramp who shall enter any dwelling-house, against the will or*§without the permission of the owner or occupant thereof, or shall kindle any fire in the highway, or on the land of another, without the owner's consent, or shall be found carrying any fire-arms or other dangerous weapon, with intent unlawfully to do injury or intimidate any other person, which intent may be inferred by the jury trying the case, from the facts that the defendant is a tramp, and so armed, or shall do, or threaten to do, any injury, not amounting to a felony, to any person, or to the real or personal estate of another, shall, upon conviction, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be sentenced to undergo an imprisonment by separate or solitary confinement at labor for a period not exceeding three years."
1875 Pa. Laws 33, No. 38, § 1
(1875)
Prohibited concealed carry of any firearms, slung-shots, billys, dirk-knives, razors, or any other deadly weapon with intent to maliciously do injury to any another person
A Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania, from the Year One Thousand Seven Hundred to the Tenth Day of July, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-Two, at 323, Crimes, pt. 7, § 40 (10th ed., vol. 1, 1873)
(1864)
Any person, within the limits of the county of Schuylkill, (b) who shall carry any fire-arms, slung-shot, dirk-knife, or other deadly weapon, concealed upon his person, with the intent, therewith, unlawfully and maliciously, to do injury to any other person, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor
1851 Pa. Laws 382, No. 239, § 4.
(1851)
That any person who shall willfully and maliciously carry any pistol, gun, dirk knife, slung shot, or deadly weapon in said borough of York, shall be deemed guilty of a felony
1917 Or. Gen. and Special Laws 804, ch. 377, § 1-11
(1917)
No person shall carry in any city, town, or municipal corporation of this State any pistol, revolver or other firearm concealed upon his or her person, or of a size which may be concealed upon his or her person, without a license or permit therefor, issued to him or her by a chief of police or sheriff of such city, town or municipal corporation, or in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance of such city, town or municipal corporation. This section, however, shall not apply to sheriffs and their deputies, constables, marshals, police officers or any other duly appointed peace officers, nor to any person or persons summoned by such officers to assist in making arrest or preserving the peace while said person or persons are engaged in assisting such officers; nor to duly authorized military organizations when parading, nor to members thereof when going to and from places of meeting of their respective organizations.
1792 Laws Passed in the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, at 20, Burglary
(1788)
Prohibited the carrying of any "dangerous weapon" that indicates a violent intention while committing a burglary. Punishable by imprisonment for up to 40 years.
Charter and Ordinances of the City of Syracuse 192 (1877)
(1877)
Ch. 27, § 7: Any individual who shall carry about his or her person any dirk, bowie knife, sword or spear cane, pistol, revolver, slung-shot, jemme, brass knuckles, or other deadly or unlawful weapon, with the intent to do bodily harm to any other person or persons, shall be liable to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars, and also to imprisonment not to exceed three months.
Temporary Acts and Laws of His Majesty's Province of New Hampshire in New England 9-10 (1761)
(1761)
An Act for Preventing and Suppressing Riots, Routs, and Other Unlawful Assemblies: Prohibited gathering in numbers of twelve or more and being armed with clubs and other weapons, or any group numbering thirty or more, from unlawfully, riotously, or tumultuously assembling
1873 Nev. Comp. Laws 583
(1872)
Offenses Against Public Morality, Health, and Police, § 133: Provided that any one who is found in possession of a firearm with intent to commit robbery shall be fined no more than 100 dollars
1858 Neb. Laws 69
(1858)
Ch.1, § 135: Prohibited the carrying of a pistol, gun, knife, dirk, bludgeon or other offensive weapon with the intent to assault a person. Punishable by fine up to $100.
1887 Terr. of Mont. Comp. Stat. 549
(1887)
Criminal Laws, ch. 10, § 174: Prohibited the carrying of a any pistol, gun, knife, dirk-knife, bludgeon, or other offensive weapon with the intent to assault a person. Punishable by fine up to $100 or imprisonment up to 3 months.
1891 Minn. Gen. Stat. 517, §§ 6290-91
(1891)
§§ 6290-91: Prohibited carrying with intent to use against another any slung-shot, sand-club, metal knuckles, dagger, dirk, knife, pistol, or other firearm, or any dangerous. Violators guilty of a misdemeanor.
The Penal Code of the State of Minnesota 127, § 334 (1885)
(1885)
§ 334: Prohibited the carry or possession with intent to use against another any slung-shot, sand-club, metal knuckles, dagger, dirk, knife, pistol, or other firearm, or any dangerous weapon. Violators guilty of misdemeanor.
1897 Mich. Acts 1030
(1897)
§ 15: Prohibited the concealed carry of any pistol, revolver, bowie knife, dirk, slung shot, billie, sand bag, false knuckles, or other dangerous weapon. Also prohibited lying in wait with intent to injure. Violators fined not exceeding one hundred dollars with costs, failure to pay costs punished with imprisonment not exceeding ninety days.
1891 Mich. Pub. Acts 409
(1891)
Police Department, pt 15: Prohibited the carrying of a concealed pistol, revolver, Bowie knife, dirk, slungshot, billie, sandbag, false knuckles, or other dangerous weapon. Also prohibited lurking or being concealed with the intent to injure a person or property, or threatening to beat or kill a person or property. Punishable by fine up to $100 and the costs of prosecution, and in default of payment, imprisonment.
1820 Terr. of Mich. Laws 207, An Act For The Punishment Of Crimes, §§ 30-31.
(1820)
Sect. 30. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall unlawfully and maliciously assault another, with any offensive weapon or instrument, or by menaces, or in and by other forcible and violent manner and means, demand of another any money, or personal goods and chattels, with intent to rob him or her, or shall by day, willfully[1] and maliciously break and enter any dwelling house, shop, ware house, store house, mill, barn, stable, out house or other building whatever, with intent to kill, rob, steal, or commit a rape, mayhem or battery, then and in every such case, the person so offending, and each of the counsellors, procurers, aiders and abettors of the person so offending, shall, on being thereof convicted, be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or solitary imprisonment, at hard labor, not exceeding ten years, or both, at the discretion of the court. Sect. 31. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall willfully[2] and maliciously enter, either by day or by night, without breaking the same, any church, meeting house, or place of worship, or any dwelling house, shop, ware house, store house, mill, barn, stable, out house or other building whatsoever, with intent to kill, rob, steal, or to commit a rape, mayhem or battery, then and in every such case, the person so offending, and each of the counsellors, procurers, aiders, and abettors of such offender, shall, on conviction, be punished by fine not exceeding three hundred dollars, or by solitary imprisonment, at hard labor, not exceeding five years, or both, at the discretion of the court."
Mass. Gen. Laws, ch. 194, § 2 (1850), codified at Mass. Gen. Stat. 816, ch. 164 § 11 (1873)
(1850)
Prohibited the manufacture or sale of slung-shots or metallic knuckles. Violators fined not less than fifty dollars or imprisoned not exceeding six months.
1806 Mass. Acts 121-22
(1806)
An Act Providing for the Punishment of the Crimes of Burglary, and Other Breaking and Entering of Buildings: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, That if any person, with intent to kill, rob, steal, commit a rape, or to do or perpetrate any other felony, shall in the night time break and enter, or having, with such felonious intent, entered, shall in the night time break a dwelling house, any person then being lawfully therein, and such offender being, at the time of such breaking or entering, armed with a dangerous weapon, or arming himself or herself, in such house, with a dangerous weapon, or committing an actual assault upon any person lawfully being in such house; every such offender, and any person present, aiding, assisting or consenting in such burglary, or accessary thereto before the fact, by counselling, hiring, or procuring such burglary to be committed, who shall be duly convicted thereof in the Supreme Judicial Court, shall suffer the punishment of death.
1786 Mass. Acts 87
(1786)
Ch. 38: Prohibited being armed with clubs or other weapons while in a group of twelve or more and "unlawfully, routously, riotously, or tumutluously assembled."
1750 Mass. Acts 544
(1750)
An Act for Preventing and Suppressing of Riots, Routs and Unlawful Assemblies, ch. 17, § 1: Prohibited the carrying of a club or other weapon while unlawfully, riotously, or tumultuously assembling. Punishable by seizing the weapon and a hearing before the court.
1890 Md. Laws 606
(1890)
§ 742A: Prohibited the carrying of a concealed pistol, dirk-knife, Bowie knife, slingshot, billy, sandclub, metal knuckles, razor or any other dangerous or deadly weapon, or who openly carries with the intent to injure a person. Punishable by fine of up to $500 and imprisonment up to 6 months.
1886 Md. Laws 602
(1886)
Ch. 375: Prohibited carrying, concealed or openly with intent or purpose of injuring another, any pistol, dirk-knife, Bowie-knife, slung-shot, Billy, sandclub, metal knuckles, razor, or any other dangerous or deadly weapon whatsoever.
1894 Md. Laws 833-34
(1894)
Act of April 6, 1894, ch. 547, §§ 1-2: Every person not being a conservator of the peace entitled or required to carry such weapon as a part of his official equipment, and not carrying such weapon as a reasonable precaution against apprehended danger, who shall wear or carry any pistol, dirk knife, bowie knife, slung shot, billy, sand club, metal knuckles, razor or any other dangerous or deadly weapon of any kind whatsoever (penknives excepted,) concealed upon or about his person, and every person who shall carry or wear any such weapon openly, with the intent or purpose of injuring any person in any unlawful manner, and not for any proper purpose of self-protection, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or be imprisoned not more than two years in jail or in the house of correction
1811 Md. Laws 465
(1809)
§ 4: Prohibited carrying any pistol, hanger, cutlass, bludgeon, or other offensive weapon with intent to feloniously assault any person, or to be found in any dwelling house, warehouse, stable, or outhouse, garden, or area of a house with intent to steal goods or chattels.
Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 12, ch. 159, § 5 (1840)
(1821)
Prohibited being armed with clubs or other weapons while in a group of twelve or more and "unlawfully, routously, riotously, or tumutluously assembled."
1927 N.J. Laws 742
(1927)
Ch. 321, 1: Prohibited a pawnbroker from selling or possessing for sale, loan, or to give away a machine gun, automatic rifle, revolver, pistol, or other firearm, or other instrument of any kind known as a blackjack, slungshot, billy, sandclub, sandbag, bludgeon, metal knuckles, dagger, dirk, dangerous knife, stiletto, bomb or other high explosive. Punishable as a high misdemeanor.
9 Geo. 1, c. 22 (1723)
(1723)
An act for the more effectual punishing wicked and evil-disposed persons going armed in disguise, and doing injuries and violences to the persons and properties of his Majesty's subjects, and for the more speedy bringing the offenders to justice: Prohibited anyone going armed with sword, fire-arms, or other offensive weapons while having their faces blacked or disguised in any forest, chase, park, paddock, grounds inclosed with any wall, pale, or fence? or in any high road, open heath, common or down, or to wilfully hunt unlawfully. Violators guilty of a felony, and shall suffer death.

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